Literary Symbiosis

Usually literary borrowings are so integrated into the new work as to be disguised; however, according to David Cowart, the last decades of the twentieth century saw an increasing number of texts that attached themselves to their sources in seemingly parasiticbut, more accurately, symbioticdependence. It is this kind of mutuality that Cowart examines in his wide-ranging and richly provocative study Literary Symbiosis.. In works exhibiting literary symbiosis, Cowart notes, intertextuality surrenders its usual veil of near invisibility to become concrete and explicita phenomenon that Cowart sees as part of the postmodern tendency toward self-consciousness and self-reflexivity. He recognizes that literary symbiosis has some close cousins and so limits his compass to works that are genuine reinterpretations, writings that cast a new light on earlier works through ""some tangible measure of formal or thematic evolution, whether on the part of the guest alone or the host and guest together."" Proceeding from this intriguing premise, he offers detailed readings of texts that range from Auden's ""The Sea and the Mirror,"" based on The Tempest, to Valerie Martin's reworking of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as Mary Reilly, to various fictions based on Robinson Crusoe. He also considers, in Nabokov's Pale Fire, a compelling example of text and parasitic-text within a single work.. Drawing on and responding to the ideas of disparate thinkers and criticsamong them Freud, Lacan, Derrida, Harold Bloom, Hillis Miller, and Henry Louis Gates Jr.Cowart discusses literary symbiosis as Oedipal drama, as reading and misreading, as deconstruction, as Signifying, and as epistemic dialogue. Although his main examples come from the contemporary period, he refers to works dating back to the classical era in a range of genres. The study of literary symbiosis, Cowart contends, can reveal much about the dynamics of literary renewal in every age. If all literature redeems the familiar, he suggests, literary symbiosis redeems the familiar in literature itself.