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Intended for students and general readers alike, this encyclopedia covers the history of human medical experimentation, for better and worse, from the time of Hippocrates to the present.Thanks to medical experiments performed on human subjects, we now have vaccines against smallpox, rabies, and polio. Yet the advances that saved lives too often involved the exploitation of vulnerable populations. Covering the history of human medical experimentation from the time of Hippocrates to today, this work will introduce readers to the topic through a mixture of essays and ready-reference materials. The book covers the experiments themselves; the people, companies, and government agencies that carried them out; the relevant medical and sociopolitical background; and the legislation and other protective measures that arose as a result. The encyclopedia is divided chronologically into 6 periods: pre-19th century, the 19th century, the pre-World War II 20th century, the World War II era, the Cold War era, and the post-Cold War period to recent times. Each period begins with an introductory essay and ends with a bibliography. Alphabetically arranged entries in each section cover pertinent people, experiments, and topics. The volume is enriched throughout with a wealth of primary sources, such as physicians' descriptions of their experiments. Medical experiments are not just a thing of the past, and readers will also learn about questions and debates related to contemporary efforts to advance medical science.
Produktinformation
Utgivningsdatum2024-01-25
Mått176 x 252 x 22 mm
Vikt640 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor344
FörlagBloomsbury Publishing Plc
ISBN9798765120309
UtmärkelserWinner of 2017 Best Reference Title 2018
Frances R. Frankenburg, MD, is professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine and chief of inpatient psychiatry at the Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital in Bedford, MA.
PrefaceIntroductionEra 1: Pre–19th CenturyIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesGalen of PergamonHarvey, WilliamHippocrates of CosHunter, JohnJenner, EdwardLind, JamesParé, AmbroiseSantorio SanctoriusSmallpox InoculationTransfusionDocumentsAmbroise Paré and the Treatment of Gunshot Wounds (1537)William Harvey and the Circulation of Blood (1628)James Lind's Scurvy Experiment (1747)Edward Jenner's Inoculation Experiment (1798)Further ReadingEra 2: 19th CenturyIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesAnesthesiologyBeaumont, William, and Alexis St. MartinBeriberi Experiments in JapanFreud, SigmundHaffkine, Waldemar Mordecai WolffHaldane, John ScottHalsted, William StewartHansen, Gerhard ArmauerHookwormNeisser, AlbertPasteur, LouisSanarelli, GiuseppeSims, J. MarionVenereal Disease ExperimentsVon Pettenkofer, MaxDocumentsInhumane Experimentation on African American Slaves (1855)Louis Pasteur and Rabies (1885)Further ReadingEra 3: 20th Century to World War IIIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesAmoebic Dysentery Experiments at Bilibid PrisonBeriberi Experiments in MalayaCarrel, AlexisCastle, WilliamElgin State Hospital ExperimentsEugenicsForssmann, WernerGerman Medical Research EthicsGoldberger, JosephHaldane, John Burdon SandersonInsulinInsulin Coma TherapyLobotomyMalariatherapyRhoads, CorneliusRockefeller, John D.San Quentin State Prison ExperimentsSeizure TherapyStrong, Richard PearsonStudies of Rickets and ScurvyTuskegee Study of Untreated SyphilisYellow Fever CommissionDocumentsWilliam Osler and the Importance of Informed Consent (1907)Albert Leffingwell and the Cruelty of Vivisection (1916)The Tuskegee Experiments (1932)Further ReadingEra 4: World War IIIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesAmerican Experiments with MalariaAuschwitzBecker-Freyseng, HermannBlome, KurtBrandt, KarlBuchenwaldDachauDoctors' TrialHofmann, AlbertMengele, JosefMinnesota Starvation ExperimentNuremberg CodeNutrition Research in Canada's Aboriginal CommunitiesOberheuser, HertaRavensbrueckStateville Penitentiary Malaria ExperimentsUnit 731DocumentsThe Activities of Unit 731 (1942)The Nuremberg Code (1948)Further ReadingEra 5: Cold WarIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesAmerican Bacterial Attacks on U.S. CitiesAtomic VeteransAversion Therapy in South AfricaBeecher, HenryBelmont ReportBoston ProjectCameron, Donald EwenCardiopulmonary ResuscitationCIA and Mind ControlDeclaration of HelsinkiDevelopment of ChlorpromazineFernald State SchoolHeart Surgery and TransplantationIrradiation of Prisoners' TesticlesKatz, JayKligman, AlbertLawrence, Ernest and JohnLeary, TimothyLexington Narcotic FarmMarshall, BarryMarshall IslandsOperation WhitecoatPappworth, MauricePlutonium ExperimentsPolio Vaccine TrialsPorton DownProject CoastSaenger, EugeneSexually Transmitted Disease Experiments in GuatemalaSoutham, ChesterStanley, JamesStreptomycin Clinical TrialThalidomideUranium MinersVanderbilt University Nutrition ExperimentsVipeholm Hospital ExperimentWillowbrook Hepatitis ExperimentsDocumentsVenereal Disease Experimentation in Guatemala (1947)Parental Notification of Nutrition Experiments at the Fernald State School (1953)Willowbrook Vaccination Experiment Letter for Parental Consent (1958)Further ReadingEra 6: Post–Cold War to the PresentIntroductionTimelineReference EntriesAdvisory Committee on Human Radiation ExperimentsAsthma Experiments at Johns HopkinsAZT Trials in the Third WorldClinical TrialsCommissions to Review Ethical Issues in ResearchCommon RuleGelsinger, JesseInformed ConsentInstitutional Review BoardsProfessional Guinea PigsTrovan in NigeriaDocumentsRadiation Experimentation Victims Act (1994)Problems Facing Institutional Review Boards (1998)Further ReadingConclusionAbout the Editor and ContributorsIndex
An interesting book on medical experimentation from pre-nineteenth century to the present. . . . The primary sources that the editor chose will be useful to researchers. . . This will be a useful addition to college and university libraries that have programs that require students to use original source material.