Frontiers of the Roman Empire: The Lower German Limes

Professor David. J. Breeze is Chairman of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and has published extensively on Roman frontiers. ; Dr Sonja Jilek has acted since 2005 as coordinator of three multinational EU projects regarding the development of the UNESCO "Frontiers of the Roman Empire" World Heritage Site. ; Erik P. Graafstal M.A. is municipal archaeologist of Utrecht and research associate at Leiden University with a specialization in Roman frontier research. ; Professor Dr Willem J.H. Willems held the Chair for provincial-Roman archaeology at Leiden University and was specialized in regional research of Roman frontier areas. ; Steve Bödecker M.A. is the Limes coordinator for North Rhine-Westphalia and member of the team preparing the world heritage application for the Lower German Limes.

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire ; Common cultural heritage of the Roman Empire ; The Roman Empire ; Frontiers and trade ; The “Frontiers of the Roman Empire” World Heritage Site ; The definition of a World Heritage Site ; The task ahead ; History and extent of frontiers ; Rome´s foreign policy ; The location of frontiers ; The army and frontiers ; The purpose of frontiers ; Soldiers and civilians ; Military administration ; Research on Roman frontiers ; Inscriptions and documents ; Survey and excavation ; Aerial survey and remote sensing ; Protection and presentation of frontiers ; Future perspectives ; The Lower German Limes ; The river frontier that saw it all ; The setting of the Lower Rhine limes ; Landscape ; Historical background and development ; The classic frontier system (late 1st – late 3rd century) ; The Roman army ; Accommodation ; The Lower German deployment ; Outstanding values of the Lower German limes ; Chronological span ; The development of military architecture ; A complete system ; A ‘military-industrial complex’ ; Riverfronts and harbours ; Water management and shipping infrastructure ; Spectacular finds: ships and votive offerings ; The true treasure: sewage and waste ; Information stored in leather and timber ; The sealing properties of later townscapes ; Archaeological research and heritage management ; What to see? ; Museums and permanent exhibitions ; Visible remains and modern references ; Further reading ; Illustration acknowledgements