'Should all democracies maintain the same freedoms of expression simply because they are democracies? Or should the extent of free speech depend on each society's culture and history? By the end of the eighteenth century it was clear that France and the United States had created different conceptions of democracy, which, as this study masterfully demonstrates, continue to provide illuminating yet complex responses to those enduring questions.' Eric Heinze, Professor of Law and Humanities, Queen Mary University of London