Field Techniques in Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology

Bryn Hubbard is the author of Field Techniques in Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology, published by Wiley. Neil F. Glasser is the author of Field Techniques in Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology, published by Wiley.

• Preface ixAcknowledgements xi1 Introduction 11.1 Aim 11.2 The scope of this book 11.3 Book format and content 21.4 The role of fieldwork in glaciology and glacial geomorphology 31.5 The relationship between field glaciology and glaciological theory 42 Planning and conducting glaciological fieldwork 152.1 Aim 152.2 Designing and planning field-based research 152.3 Logistical preparations for fieldwork 202.4 Fieldwork data 263 Glacier ice: Character, sampling and analysis 303.1 Aim 303.2 Ice masses and ice facies: Principles, definition and identification 303.3 Sampling glacier ice 383.4 Ice analysis 553.5 Student projects 634 Glacier meltwater: Character, sampling and analysis 654.1 Aim 654.2 Background 654.3 Measuring bulk meltwater discharge: Stage-discharge rating curves 684.4 Sampling and analysing glacial meltwaters 794.5 Automated measurements by sensors and loggers 964.6 Tracer investigations 1014.7 Student projects 1125 Hot-water borehole drilling and borehole instrumentation 1155.1 Aim 1155.2 Introduction 1155.3 Hot-water drilling 1165.4 Borehole instrumentation 1245.5 Summary 1465.6 Student projects 1466 Ice radar 1486.1 Aim 1486.2 Background and physical principles 1486.3 Ice radar equipment 1556.4 Radar data presentation 1596.5 Field radar surveys 1616.6 Processing 1716.7 Field application and interpretation of ice radar 1746.8 Student projects 1777 Glacier mass balance and motion 1797.1 Aim 1797.2 Surface energy budget 1807.3 Mass balance 1877.4 Glacier motion and ice velocity 1997.5 Student projects 2168 Glacigenic sediments 2178.1 Aim 2178.2 Introduction to field sedimentology 2178.3 Colour and organic content 2268.4 Sediment texture 2298.5 Particle morphology: The shape and roundness of sedimentary particles 2328.6 Bedding 2398.7 Sedimentary structures 2438.8 Palaeocurrent data 2458.9 Other properties 2468.10 Field sampling techniques 2478.11 Fabric analysis: General considerations 2518.12 Clast macrofabrics 2528.13 Clast microfabrics and microstructural description 2598.14 Clast mesofabrics 2608.15 Laboratory analysis 2608.16 Interpreting the environment of deposition of sediments 2628.17 Presentation of sedimentological data 2668.18 Student projects 2679 Mapping glaciers and glacial landforms 2699.1 Aim 2699.2 General considerations 2699.3 Aims of the mapping and the areal extent of the map 2709.4 Desk-based studies 2719.5 Remotely sensed data 2749.6 Geomorphological mapping 2879.7 Field mapping 2909.8 Field surveying techniques 3049.9 Ground-penetrating radar and shallow seismic reflection investigations of sediment bodies 3089.10 Electrical resistivity surveys 3119.11 Aquatic (marine and lacustrine) geophysical techniques 3139.12 Mapping glacier structures (structural glaciology) 3219.13 Final map compilation 3259.14 Mapping and measurement of landforms change over time 3279.15 Student projects 32910 Monitoring and reconstructing glacier fluctuations 33110.1 Aim 33110.2 Remotely sensed images 33210.3 Fieldwork mapping and historical documents 33510.4 Dating glacier fluctuations using ‘absolute age’ (numerical-age) and ‘relative age’ estimates 33910.5 Numerical-age dating techniques 34010.6 Relative-age dating techniques 35010.7 Dating glacier fluctuations – concluding remarks 36410.8 Student projects 364References 367Index 396