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Female protagonists are commonly overlooked in the history of crime; especially in early modern Italy, where women’s scope of action is often portrayed as heavily restricted. This book redresses the notion of Italian women’s passivity, arguing that women’s crimes were far too common to be viewed as an anomaly. Based on over two thousand criminal complaints and investigation dossiers, Sanne Muurling charts the multifaceted impact of gender on patterns of recorded crime in early modern Bologna. While various socioeconomic and legal mechanisms withdrew women from the criminal justice process, the casebooks also reveal that women – as criminal offenders and savvy litigants – had an active hand in keeping the wheels of the court spinning.
Sanne Muurling, Ph.D. (2019), Leiden University, is a postdoctoral researcher at Radboud University. She has published on the social history of daily life, crime and deviance, gender, disease, poverty and welfare arrangements.
AcknowledgementsList of Figures and Tables1 Introduction1 Historical Involvement of Women in Crime in Early Modern Europe2 Crime and Gender in an Early Modern Italian City3 Criminal Court Records as Sources for Social History4 Composition of This Book2 Women’s Roles, Institutions, and Social Control1 Political and Demographic Developments2 Household Structures, Property Rights and Legal Capacity3 Women within the Urban Economy4 Interlocking Systems of Assistance and Control5 Conclusion: Agency within a Culture of Constraint3 The Torroneand the Prosecution of Crimes1 The Tribunale del Torrone within Bologna’s Legal Landscape2 The Administration of Criminal Justice3 Criminal Procedures4 Italian Women’s Involvement in Recorded Crime5 The Character of Indicted Crime in Bologna6 Gender Dynamics in the Sentencing of Crimes7 Conclusion: Distinguishing Features of Women’s Prosecution4 Denunciations and the Uses of Justice1 Women and the Uses of Justice2 Denunciations before the Torrone3 The Torrone as a Forum for Conflict Resolution4 The Urban Context of Women’s Litigation5 The Users of Justice6 Objectives of Litigation7 Conclusion: Criminal Litigation, Gender and Agency5 Violence and the Politics of Everyday Life1 The Culture of Violence between Prosecution and Reconciliation2 Lethal Violence in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries3 Insults and the Politics of Daily Life4 The Importance of Petty Physical Violence5 Severity and Weapons6 Violence and Social Relations7 The Gendered Geography of Violence8 Framing Men’s and Women’s Violence9 Conclusion: Everyday Violence and the Uses of Justice6 Theft and Its Prosecution1 Legal Attitudes towards Theft2 Prosecution and Sentencing3 The Social Profile of Thieves and Economies of Makeshift4 Stolen Goods5 The Geographies of Theft6 The Distribution of Stolen Goods7 Conclusion: Judicial Paternalism and Women’s Roles in Thieving7 Conclusion1 The Case of Bologna and Patterns of Female Crime2 The Impact of Institutionalisation, Judicial Paternalism and Peacemaking Practices3 Crime and Italian Women’s Agency4 Avenues for Future ResearchAppendix: Information on SamplesBibliographyIndex