A major reassessment of the first decade of the Thirty Years' War.Much has been written on the Thirty Years' War, particularly the Bohemian Revolt of 1618 which started the war and the Congress of Westphalia which ended the war in Germany in 1648. This book focuses instead on the 1620s when although it seemed that the war might peter out it in fact escalated into a much more destructive war than it had been previously. 1625 was a key year: the Emperor Ferdinand II, seemingly under threat on all sides, from France, Denmark and England as well as Hungary, Italy and Germany, commissioned Wallenstein to raise a new army, an army to be financed not by taxes but by living off the land, preferably the land of your enemies. Although the threats turned out to be more potential than real, Wallenstein's new army was instrumental in giving the war a new lease of life, massively enlarging the theatre of operations. Yet, the real escalation into a full-blown war encompassing almost all of Europe had to wait until French and Swedish intervention in 1629/30. Considering key aspects of the war in the 1620s, both the international situation from different countries' perspectives, and the nature of Wallenstein's army, the book presents much new research and new thinking on the war and on why it turned out to be so long lasting and so hugely destructive.
Lothar Höbelt was until 2021 Associate Professor of Modern History at the University of Vienna, Austria. Pavel Marek is Director of the Historical Institute of the Faculty of Arts at Pardubice University, the Czech Republic.
Introduction: "Why not a Five Years' War?" - Lothar Höbelt and Pavel MarekPart I: The Central European Perspectives1. Bavaria and the Establishment of the Imperial Army in the Thirty Years' War - Robert Rebitsch2. Pied Piper and "Flying Squadron": The Ambivalent Character of Wallenstein's Mission in 1625 - Lothar Höbelt3. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Thirty Years' War: Wallenstein's Rise (1623-25): An Attempt at Systematisation - Aleksandra Ziober4. Gabriel Bethlen in the Thirty Years' War - Gábor KármánPart II: The West European Perspectives5. The Motives Behind King Christian IV's Decision to Enter the Thirty Years' War in 1625 and His Ensuing Defeat - Michael Bregnsbo6. "Warr kindled in the very bowells of Christendom." England and the Opening of the Thirty Years' War - Thomas G. Otte7. French Perceptions of the Rise of Wallenstein, 1624-26 - David ParrottPart III: The Mediterranean Perspectives8. Italy in Turmoil: Habsburg Hegemony Threatened (1624-25) - Gianvittorio Signorotto9. Valtellina as a Breaking Point? Reflection of the Nuncio Carlo Caraffa and the Context of the Politics of Pope Urban VIII, - Tomáš Černušák10. The Count Duke of Olivares, the Union of Arms, the Turn of 1624-25 - Manuel Rivero Rodríguez11. Wallenstein, the Improbable Spanish Client - Rubén González CuervaPart IV: Wallenstein and Bohemia12. The Rise and Fall of Wallenstein through the Eyes of His Aristocratic Contemporaries from Bohemia and Moravia, 1624-48 - Vítězslav Prchal13. Albrecht von Wallenstein and His Monetary Policy - Petr Vorel14. Wallenstein's Files in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv: What We Have and How to Find It - Zdislava RöhsnerSummary: Escalation, Prolongation, Intensification of the War - Lothar Höbelt and Pavel MarekNotes on ContributorsIndex