Education, Work, and Family Events in Women’s Lives

Long-Term Developments and Recent Trends in East and West Germany

Häftad, Engelska, 2022

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This book investigates how educational expansion, the trend towards the service society and the German unification affect East and West German women’s life courses and family lives. It focuses on educational enrolment, educational attainment level, labour force participation, career resources, social origin, the educational match among partners as well as historical periods and examines their consequences on women’s entry into first motherhood as well as partnership formation and dissolution processes. Using longitudinal data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), multivariate methods such as event history analysis were applied. The findings suggest that women’s entry into motherhood during full-time education is highly dependent on women’s age, social origin and the policy measures in a country.Furthermore, women’s education has mainly an effect on the time structure of entry into first motherhood over the life course of differently qualified women but not on their final decision to enter into motherhood. This book also looks into women’s partnership formation and dissolution processes. East and West German women do only differ slightly with regard to these transitions. Based on a new theoretical model on educational assortative mating and divorce, this book is able to show that there are not only benefits from division of work but also benefits from communication within married couples. Women’s upward marriages are the most stable ones, with homogamous marriages ranking second, followed by married down marriages being the least stable ones.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-04-07
Mått148 x 210 x 16 mm
Vikt356 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor176
FörlagVerlag Barbara Budrich
ISBN9783966650472

Tillhör följande kategorier

Sociologi inom Samhälle och politik
Genusvetenskap inom Samhälle och politik

1Introduction1.1Contributions of the Book1.2Outline of the Book1.3The Life Course Perspective141.4The Long-Term Developments of Women’s Roles in Germany and Changes in Family Formation and Dissolution1.4.1The Preindustrial Family in Early 19th-Century Germany1.4.2The German Family in the Second Half of the 19th Century1.4.3The Age at First Marriage and the Birth of a First Child in the 20th Century1.4.4The Development of Female Employment Between 1882 and 19801.4.5The Gain in Importance of Part-Time Employment Since the 1960s1.4.6Marriage, Birth, and Divorce Patterns of Women in East and West GermanyConvergence of Fertility Rates in East and West Germany After the Transformation Shock1.4.7Summary1.5A Longitudinal Approach1.6The National Educational Panel Study (NEPS)1.7Event History Analysis2Living Arrangements and the Birth of a First Child in the Early Life Course: A Description Based on NEPS2.1.1Sequences of Partnership States Over the Early Life Course in East and West Germany2.2The Proportion of Women Who Have Ever Married Over the Life Course in East and West Germany2.3Women’s Partnership Status at First Birth and the Proportion of Childless Women2.4Summary3Entry Into First Cohabitation or First Marriage: A Longitudinal Analysis3.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses3.1.1Union Formation Processes and Educational Expansion3.1.2Union Formation and the Two Germanys Before and After German Unification3.1.3Further Important Factors Influencing First Union Formation3.2Definition of Variables3.3Results3.4Summary of Empirical Findings4Transition From Cohabitation to Marriage: Does the Meaning of Cohabitation Differ in East and West Germany?4.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses4.1.1The Meaning of Cohabitation4.1.2Different Dimensions of Time in the Analysis of Cohabitation4.1.3The Two Germanies Before and After Unification4.1.4Long-Term Change in Social Norms4.2Definition of Variables4.3Results4.3.1Descriptive Overview4.3.2Multivariate Analysis4.4Summary of Empirical Findings5Educational Homophily, Educational Homogamy, and the Impact of Mothers’ Role Models on Daughters’ Cohabitation and Marriage5.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses5.1.1Educational Assortative Mating: Do Opposites Attract or Does Like Marry Like?5.1.2Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Roles5.1.3Further Differences in Assortative Mating5.2Definition of Variables5.3Results5.4Summary of Empirical Findings6What Influences the Rate of Entry Into First Motherhood for Women Enrolled in Full-Time Education?6.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses6.1.1Cohort Differentiation and German Unification6.1.2Life Course Approach: Normative Timing and Normative Sequencing of Events6.1.3New Home Economics6.1.4Social Background6.1.5The Two Germanies Before and After Unification6.2Definition of Variables6.3Results6.3.1Descriptive Overview6.3.2Model Estimation6.4Summary of Empirical Findings7How Do Women’s Educational Enrolment, Educational Attainment Level, Labor Force Participation, and Career Advancement Affect the Rate of Entry Into First Motherhood?7.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses7.1.1Life Course Approach: Normative Sequencing of Events and Fertility Pressure7.1.2Economic Perspectives: Forms of Investment and Employment7.1.3The Two Germanies Before and After Unification7.1.4Age Dependency, Social Origin, and Marriage7.2Definition of Variables7.3Results7.3.1Descriptive Overview7.3.2Model Estimation7.4Summary of Empirical Findings8Educational Assortative Mating and Divorce8.1Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses8.1.1Women Marrying Up8.1.2Educational Expansion and Assortative Mating8.1.3Dimensions of Education8.1.4A Comparison of Divorce Between Women in Upward, Downward, and Homogamous Marriages8.1.5Further Differences in Marital Instability8.1.6Definition of Variables8.1.7Results8.1.8Summary of Empirical Findings9Conclusion9.1Central Findings9.2Implications of Research9.3Limitations of This Book and Suggestions for Future Research