Dutch Military Thought, 1919-1939

Wim Klinkert, Ph.D. (1992), is Professor of Military History at the Netherlands Defence Academy and at the University of Amsterdam. His publications focus on Dutch military history between 1870 and 1945 and include Defending Neutrality. The Netherlands Prepares for War, 1900-1925 (Brill, 2013).

• List of Figures and TablesIntroduction1 Setting the Scene1Small States in Interwar Europe2Dutch Military Publications3The Dutch Daily Press4The State of the State5Dutch Historiography on the Interwar Years6Setup and Structure2 A Strong, Resilient People: Pieter Willem Scharroo1An Engineer Officer in Politics and Sports2Scharroo’s Publications: Contours of Total War, 1919–19223Scharroo’s Commitment to Sports and Education, 1914–19224Resilience and Youth in Public Debates, 1919–19215The Roots of Scharroo’s Thinking: People’s Strength (volkskracht)6Untiring Perseverance, 1915–19393 The Human Factor: Hendrik Cornelis Rouffaer1An Unreliable Army?2The Floor is Rouffaer’s, 19253The Shock of 1918, the Rich Legacy of 1919–19204From Ideas to Practice: Psychotechnics, 1920–19305The Dutch Classics: Steinmetz and Gunning6Morale in Combat Manuals7War on the Horizon, 1933–19384 League of Nations, Neutrality and Disarmament: Abraham Johannes Maas1Unilateral National Disarmament?2Maas against Disarmament and for the League of Nations3The Voice of the Law, 1925–19274The Voice of the Spirit, 1924–19285Maas’ Riposte, 19296Fighting Disarmament, 1925–19297Public Opinion Counted5 Economic and Industrial War Preparation: Doe van den Berg1Van den Berg Puts Economic War Preparation on the Agenda, 19252Fraternal Support, 19283The First Steps, 1930–19314Renewed Attention in the Press and in Politics, 1934–19355From Theory to Practice, 1936–19386Implementing the New System, 1939–19406 The Defence Industry1The Dutch Defence Industry2Artillerie Inrichtingen3Fokker4Koolhoven5Aviolanda6HIH Siderius7Nedinsco8Signaal and Nedalo9Philips10 DAF11 Research for the War Effort7 Gas War: Schelte Schilderman1The Gas School2Schilderman and Chemical Warfare, 19283Schilderman’s Publicity Offensive, 1931–19374The Science of Combat Gases, 1923–19395Combat Gases and International Law, 1899–19328 No Trespassing! Dutch Military Strength as a Guarantee for Peace in Europe: Willem Joost van de Woestijne1A Social-Democrat Against Disarmament2Social-Democrats and the Defence of the Country, 1928–19363Van de Woestijne Advocates Defence of the Country, 1929–19314The Strategic Vulnerability of Limburg, 1918–19315The Southern Netherlands Raises its Voice, 1932–19349 Vulnerability Exposed, 1934: Banse, Baldwin and Von Epp1Strategic Vulnerability2Ewald Banse3Stanley Baldwin4Franz von Epp10 Danger From the Air: Mathieu Gemmeke1Gemmeke’s Appeal, 1933–19342Viewpoints on Bombing Civilians in the Netherlands, 1922–19303Johan Zegers: an Innovative Voice from the Luchtvaartafdeling, 1929–19364Air Protection in the Making, 1926–19365Air Protection Takes Shape, 1936–19396Abyssinia, Spain and Poland: Prophets and Practice, 1937–193911 On the Verge of War: Michael Rudolph Calmeijer1Imminent War?2Modern War, 1930–19353Opinion Formation on Modern Mechanized Warfare, 1927–19364Searching Beyond the Obvious5Calmeijer Goes to Germany, 1937–19396Liddell Hart in the Netherlands7The Use of ParachutistsConclusion1From Theory to Practical Application2Three Key Themes2.1The Totality of War2.2The Strategic Assault2.3Armed Forces – People – GovernmentShort BiographiesBibliography