Classics of Community Psychiatry

Michael Rowe, Associate Clinical Professor, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Co-Director, Yale Program for Recovery and Community HealthKen Thompson, Medical Director, federal Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical SchoolMartha Lawless, Program for Recovery & Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of MedicineLarry Davidson, Professor, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Director, Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health

• Foreword: Kathryn Power, Director, Center for Mental Health ServicesPreface: Michael RoweIntroduction: Richard Freeman and Michael RoweContributors The Pre-Community Psychiatry Period (1850-1953): Francesca Martin and Elizabeth H. FlanaganDeinstitutionalization and the Community Mental Health Center Movement (1954-1976): Rebecca Miller, Allison N. Ponce, and Kenneth S. ThompsonGovernment, Legislative, and Policy Classics1. Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. (1961). Recommendations for a national mental health program. In Action for Mental Health: Final Report of the Joint Commission on Mental illness and Health. New York: Basic Books First Person and Literary Classics2. Greenberg, J. (1964). I never promised you a rose garden. New York: New American Library Clinical and Systems Theory, Conceptual, and Historical Texts3. Grob, G. N. (1991). From asylum to community: mental health policy in modern America. Princeton: Princeton University Press 4. Bockoven, J. S. (1956). Moral treatment in American psychiatry. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 124, 167-194, 292-321 5. Szasz, T. S. (1961). The myth of mental illness: Foundations of a theory of personal conduct. New York: Hoeber-Harper 6. Goffman, E. (1961). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New York: Anchor Books 7. Brenner, M. H. (1973). Mental illness and the economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 8. Scull, A. T. (1976). The decarceration of the mentally ill: A critical view. Politics and Society, 6: 173-212 Practice and Research Texts9. Hollingshead, A. B., & Redlich, F. C. (1958). Social class and mental illness: A community study. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York 10. Leighton, A. H., Lambo, T. A., Hughes, C. C., Leighton, D. C., Murphy, J. M., & Macklin, D. B. (1963). Psychiatric disorder in West Africa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 521-527 11. Caplan, G. (1964). Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books 12. Fairweather, G. W., Sanders, D. J., Maynard, H., Cressler, D. L. with Bleck, D. S. (1969). Community life for the mentally ill: An alternative to institutional care. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company 13. Lamb, H. R., & Goertzel, V. (1971). Discharged mental patients-Are they really in the community? Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 29-34 14. Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G., & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26 (2), 57-63 15. Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places.Science, 179, 250-258 16. Stein, L. I., Test, M. A., and Marx, A. J. (1975). Alternative to the hospital: A controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 517-522 The Community Support Movement and its Demise (1977-1997): Larry Davidson and Priscilla RidgwayGovernment, Legislative, and Policy Classics17. U.S. Government Accountability Office. (1977). Returning the mentally disabled to the community: Government needs to do more. Washington, D.C.: Author. GAO Publication No. HRD-76-152 18. Sharfstein, S. S. (1982). Medicaid cutbacks and block grants: Crisis or opportunity for community mental health? American Journal of Psychiatry, 139 (4), 466-470 First Person and Literary Classics19. Chamberlin, J. (1978). On our own: Patient-controlled alternatives to the mental health system. New York: Hawthorn Books 20. Leete, E. (1989). How I perceive and manage my illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15 (2), 197-200 Clinical and Systems Theory, Conceptual, and Historical Texts21. Gronfein, W. (1985). Psychotropic drugs and the origin of deinstitutionalization. Social Problems, 32 (5), 437-454 22. Goldman, H. H., & Morrissey, J. P. (1985). The alchemy of mental health policy: Homelessness and the fourth cycle of reform. American Journal of Public Health, 75 (7), 727-731 23. Estroff, S. E. (1985). Medicalizing the margins: On being disgraced, disordered, and deserving. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 8 (4), 34-38 24. Anthony, W. A., and Liberman, R. P. (1986). The practice of psychiatric rehabilitation: Historical, conceptual, and research base. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12 (4), 542-559 25. Scheper-Hughes, N., and Lovell, A. M. (1986). Breaking the circuit of social control: Lessons in public psychiatry from Italy and Franco Basaglia. Social Science and Medicine, 23 (2), 159-178 26. Mechanic, D., and Aiken, L. H. (1989). Improving the care of patients with chronic mental illness. New England Journal of Medicine, 317 (26), 1634-1638 27. Bachrach, L. L. (1988). Defi ning chronic mental illness: A concept paper. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 39 (4), 383-388 28. Wing, J. K. (1990). The functions of asylum. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 822-827 Practice and Research Texts29. Estroff, S. E. (1981). Making it crazy: An ethnography of psychiatric patients in an American community. Berkeley: University of California Press 30. Strauss, J. S., Hafez, H., Lieberman, P., and Harding, C. (1985). The course of psychiatric disorder III: Longitudinal principles. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142 (3), 289-296 31. Harding, C. M., Brooks, G. W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J. S., & Brier, A. (1987). The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, II: Long-term outcome of subjects whoretrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 727-735 32. Lefl ey, H. P., & Bestman, E. W. (1991). Public-academic linkages for culturally sensitive community mental health. Community Mental Health Journal, 27 (6), 473-488 33. Davidson, L., Hoge, M. A., Merrill, M. E., Rakfeldt, J., & Griffith, E. E. H. (1995). The experience of long-stay inpatients returning to the community. Psychiatry, 58, 122-132 34. Hopper, K., Jost, J., Hay, T., Welber, S., & Haugland, G. (1997). Homelessness, severe mental illness, and the institutional circuit. Psychiatric Services, 48 (4), 659-665 The Recovery Era (1998-present): Martha Staeheli Lawless and Michael RoweGovernment, Legislative, and Policy Classics35. Talbott, J. A., & Lamb, H. R. Introduction and recommendations. In H. Richard Lamb, ed. (1984). The homeless mentally ill: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1-10 36. National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors.(2006). Morbidity and mortality in people with serious mental illness. Alexandria, VA: NASMHPD First Person and Literary Classics37. McDiarmid, J. S. (2005). Scrambled eggs for brains. Psychiatric Services, 56 (1), 34 38. Weiner, S. (2007). A Socialist youth: An adult needing the welfare state. The Suspicious Humanist, 2/10/07 Clinical and Systems Theory, Conceptual, and Historical Texts39. Rosenheck, R. (2000). The delivery of mental health services in the 21st century: Bringing the community back in. Community Mental Health Journal, 36 (1), 107-124 40. Thornicroft, G. & Tansella, M. (2004). Components of a modern mental health service: A pragmatic balance of community and hospital care. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 283-290 41. Frank, R. B., & Glied, S. A. (2006). Better but not well: Mental health policy in the United States since 1950. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 42. Hopper, K. (2007). Rethinking social recovery in schizophrenia: What a capabilities approach might offer. Social Science and Medicine, 65(5), 868-879 43. Andreasen, N. C. (2007). DSM and the death of phenomenology in America: An example of unintended consequences.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33 (1), 108-112 Practice and Research Texts44. Mosher, L. R. (1999). Soteria and other alternatives to acute psychiatric hospitalization: A personal and professional review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 187 (3), 142-149 45. Drake, R. E., Goldman, H. H., Leff, H. S., Lehman, A. F., Dixon, L., Mueser, K. T., & Torrey, W. C. (2001). Implementing evidence-based practices in routine mental health settings. Psychiatric Services, 52 (2), 179-182 Conclusion: Community psychiatry and the Future: Michael Rowe and Kenneth S. ThompsonIndex

"For anyone interested in the history of mental healthcare in the U.S., this is a fascinating book. It takes readers through the rise of institutionalization and asylums to their demise and the movement of reintroducing the mentally ill as members of society. The classics are well chosen and interesting to read, and they provide real insight into the mindset of the people involved in mental healthcare of their particular time period. The editorials arethoughtful and concise. This book gives readers a new appreciation of community mental healthcare and I would highly recommend it." --Doody's"In addition to overview essays dealing with each of the eras, each account has a detailed introduction that provides background. The result is a thoughtfully bundled professional reader that also could serve as an excellent classroom text." -- Health Affairs"This is a fascinating and illuminating collection of writings that will be a nostalgic reminder of developments in the field for those who have devoted their careers to community psychiatry and a mine of valuable information for those who are just entering it...There is something to interest everyone in this fascinating collection." -- The American Journal of Psychiatry