Basic Principles of Membrane Technology

Inbunden, Engelska, 1996

Av Marcel Mulder, J. Mulder

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The field of synthetic membrane science and technology is an active, growing field involving an interdisciplinary mixture of polymer chemistry, physical chemistry, and chemical engineering. Some membrane processes are reasonably well understood, and have been commercialised for some period of time. Other membrane processes have only recently been employed in commercial applications, and still other processes are only in formative research stages. This volume gives a comprehensive compendium of the basic principles in the field of synthetic membranes. The following topics are covered: basic aspects of membrane processes; materials and material properties; membrane preparation and characterisation; membrane transport; concentration polarisation and fouling; process and module design. The second edition of this well-established text has been expanded and updated, and many chapters now contain sections giving solved and unsolved problems.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1996-09-30
Mått156 x 234 x 37 mm
Vikt1 030 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor564
Upplaga2
FörlagKluwer Academic Publishers
ISBN9780792342472

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I Introduction.- I. 1 Separation processes.- I. 2 Introduction to membrane processes.- I. 3 History.- I. 4 Definition of a membrane.- I. 5 Membrane processes.- I. 6 Solved problems.- I. 7 Unsolved problems.- I. 8 Literature.- II Materials and material properties.- II. 1 Introduction.- II. 2 Polymers.- II. 3 Stereoisomerism.- II. 4 Chain flexibility.- II. 5 Molecular weight.- II. 6 Chain interactions.- II. 7 State of the polymer.- II. 8 Effect of polymeric structure on Tg.- II. 9 Glass transition temperature depression.- II. 10 Thermal and chemical stability.- II. 11 Mechanical properties.- II. 12 Elastomers.- II. 13 Thermoplastic elastomers.- II. 14 Polyelectrolytes.- II. 15 Polymer blends.- II. 16 Membrane polymers.- II. 17 Inorganic membranes.- II. 18 Biological membranes.- II. 19 Solved problems.- II. 20 Unsolved problems.- II. 21 Literature.- III Preparation of synthetic membranes.- III. 1 Introduction.- III. 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes.- III. 3 Phase inversion membranes.-III.4 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation.- III.5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes.- III.6 Phase separation in polymer systems.- III.7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology.- III. 8 Inorganic membranes.- III.9 Solved problems.- III.10 Unsolved problems.- III. 11 Literature.- IV Characterisation of membranes.- IV. 1 Introduction.- IV. 2 Membrane characterization.- IV. 3 Characterisation of porous membranes.- IV. 4 Characterisation of ionic membranes.- IV. 5 Characterisation of nonporous membranes.- IV. 6 Solved problems.- IV. 7 Unsolved problems.- IV. 8 Literature.- V Transport in membranes.- V. 1 Introduction.- V. 2 Driving forces.- V. 3 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics.- V. 4 Transport through porous membranes.- V. 5 Transport through nonporous membranes.- V. 6 Transport through membranes. A unified approach.- V. 7 Transport in ion-exchange membranes.- V. 8 Solved problems.- V. 9 Unsolved problems.- V. 8 Literature.- VI Membrane processes.-VI. 1 Introduction.- VI. 2 Osmosis.- VI. 3 Pressure driven membrane processes.- VI. 4 Concentration as driving force.- VI. 5 Thermally driven membrane processes.- VI. 6 Membrane contactors.- VI. 7 Electrically driven membrane processes.- VI. 8 Membrane reactors and membrane bioreactors.- VI. 9 Solved problems.- VI. 10 Unsolved problems.- VI. 11 Literature.- VII Polarisation phenomena and fouling.- VII. 1 Introduction.- VII. 2 Concentration polarisation.- VII. 3 Turbulence promoters.- VII. 4 Pressure drop.- VII. 5 Characteristic flux behaviour in pressure driven membrane operations.- VII. 6 Gel layer model.- VII. 7 Osmotic pressure model.- VII. 8 Boundary layer resistance model.- VII. 9 Concentration polarisation in diffusive membrane separations.- VII. 10 Concentration polarisation in electrodialysis.- VII. 11 Temperature polarization.- VII. 12 Membrane fouling.- VII. 13 Methods to reduce fouling.- VII. 14 Compaction.- VII. 15 Solved problems.- VII. 16 Unsolved problems.- VII. 17 Literature.- VIII Module and process design.- VIII. 1 Introduction.- VIII. 2 Plate-and-frame model.- VIII. 3 Spiral wound module.- VIII. 4 Tubular module.- VIII. 5 Capillary module.- VIII. 6 Hollow fiber module.- VIII. 7 Comparison of the module configurations.- VIII. 8 System design.- VIII. 9 Cross-flow operations.- VIII. 10 Hybrid dead-end/cross flow system.- VIII. 11 Cascade operations.- VIII. 12 Some examples of system design.- VIII. 13 Process parameters.- VIII. 14 Reverse osmosis.- VIII. 15 Diafiltration.- VIII. 16 Gas separation and vapour permeation.- VIII. 17 Pervaporation.- VIII. 18 Pervaporation.- VIII. 19 Dialysis.- VIII. 20 Energy requirements.- VIII. 21 Solved problems.- VIII. 22 Unsolved problems.- VIII. 23 Literature.- Appendix 1.- Appendix 2.- Answers to exercises: solved problems.- Answers to exercises: unsolved problems.- List of symbols.