Elisabeth Heijmans, Ph.D. (2018), Leiden University, is post-doctoral researcher in Economic and Social History. She published ‘Investing in French Overseas Companies: A Bad Deal? The Liquidation Processes of Companies Operating on the West Coast of Africa and in India (1664–1719)’ in: Itinerario (43:1).

• AcknowledgementsGeneral Series Editor’s PrefaceList of AbbreviationsList of Maps, Tables, Figures and GraphsGlossaryIntroduction1When Principals Become Agents1Structure and Continuity2Metropolitan Directors3Upward Social Mobility and the Chamber of Justice4Safe Investment? Institutional Factors5Market Access2Overseas Directors as Mediators1Overseas and Company Contexts2Trading Systems and Commercial Actors in Pondicherry and Ouidah3Multiplicity of Interests within Companies3Cross-cultural Relations with Rulers1Sovereign Powers2Negotiating Cross-cultural Relations3Competition and Foreign Intermediaries4Inter-imperial Cooperation1European Power Dynamics2Means of Cooperation3Motives of Cooperation4Nuances of Competitive Interactions5Attempts at Self-sustainability1Accessing Funds2Integrating Regional Trading NetworksConclusionBibliographyIndex

Elisabeth Heijmans, Ph.D. (2018), Leiden University, is post-doctoral researcher in Economic and Social History. She published ‘Investing in French Overseas Companies: A Bad Deal? The Liquidation Processes of Companies Operating on the West Coast of Africa and in India (1664–1719)’ in: Itinerario (43:1).

• AcknowledgementsGeneral Series Editor’s PrefaceList of AbbreviationsList of Maps, Tables, Figures and GraphsGlossaryIntroduction1When Principals Become Agents1Structure and Continuity2Metropolitan Directors3Upward Social Mobility and the Chamber of Justice4Safe Investment? Institutional Factors5Market Access2Overseas Directors as Mediators1Overseas and Company Contexts2Trading Systems and Commercial Actors in Pondicherry and Ouidah3Multiplicity of Interests within Companies3Cross-cultural Relations with Rulers1Sovereign Powers2Negotiating Cross-cultural Relations3Competition and Foreign Intermediaries4Inter-imperial Cooperation1European Power Dynamics2Means of Cooperation3Motives of Cooperation4Nuances of Competitive Interactions5Attempts at Self-sustainability1Accessing Funds2Integrating Regional Trading NetworksConclusionBibliographyIndex

Elisabeth Heijmans, Ph.D. (2018), Leiden University, is post-doctoral researcher in Economic and Social History. She published ‘Investing in French Overseas Companies: A Bad Deal? The Liquidation Processes of Companies Operating on the West Coast of Africa and in India (1664–1719)’ in: Itinerario (43:1).

• AcknowledgementsGeneral Series Editor’s PrefaceList of AbbreviationsList of Maps, Tables, Figures and GraphsGlossaryIntroduction1When Principals Become Agents1Structure and Continuity2Metropolitan Directors3Upward Social Mobility and the Chamber of Justice4Safe Investment? Institutional Factors5Market Access2Overseas Directors as Mediators1Overseas and Company Contexts2Trading Systems and Commercial Actors in Pondicherry and Ouidah3Multiplicity of Interests within Companies3Cross-cultural Relations with Rulers1Sovereign Powers2Negotiating Cross-cultural Relations3Competition and Foreign Intermediaries4Inter-imperial Cooperation1European Power Dynamics2Means of Cooperation3Motives of Cooperation4Nuances of Competitive Interactions5Attempts at Self-sustainability1Accessing Funds2Integrating Regional Trading NetworksConclusionBibliographyIndex