Companion to Philosophical Logic

Dale Jacquette is Professor of Philosophy at the Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Philosophy of Mind (1994), Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence (1996), Wittgenstein's Thought in Transition (1998), Symbolic Logic (2001), David Hume's Critique of Infinity (2001), and On Boole: Logic as Algebra (2001), as well as numerous articles on logic, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and Wittgenstein. He is editor of Philosophy of Mathematics: An Anthology (Blackwell 2001) and Philosophy of Logic: An Anthology (Blackwell 2001).

• List of Contributors viiiPreface xiAcknowledgments xiiiIntroduction: Logic, Philosophy, and Philosophical Logic – Dale Jacquette 1Part I Historical Development of Logic 911 Ancient Greek Philosophical Logic – Robin Smith 1112 History of Logic: Medieval – E. P. Bos and B. G. Sundholm 2413 The Rise of Modern Logic – Rolf George and James Van Evra 35Part II Symbolic Logic and Ordinary Language 4914 Language, Logic, and Form – Kent Bach 5115 Puzzles about Intensionality – Nathan Salmon 7316 Symbolic Logic and Natural Language – Emma Borg and Ernest Lepore 86Part III Philosophical Dimensions of Logical Paradoxes 10317 Logical Paradoxes – James Cargile 10518 Semantical and Logical Paradox – Keith Simmons 11519 Philosophical Implications of Logical Paradoxes – Roy A. Sorensen 131Part IV Truth and Definite Description in Semantic Analysis 14310 Truth, the Liar, and Tarski’s Semantics – Gila Sher 14511 Truth, the Liar, and Tarskian Truth Definition – Greg Ray 16412 Descriptions and Logical Form – Gary Ostertag 17713 Russell’s Theory of Definite Descriptions as a Paradigm for Philosophy – Gregory Landini 194Part V Concepts of Logical Consequence 22514 Necessity, Meaning, and Rationality: The Notion of Logical Consequence – Stewart Shapiro 22715 Varieties of Consequence – B. G. Sundholm 24116 Modality of Deductively Valid Inference – Dale Jacquette 256Part VI Logic, Existence, and Ontology 26317 Quantifiers, Being, and Canonical Notation – Paul Gochet 26518 From Logic to Ontology: Some Problems of Predication, Negation, and Possibility – Herbert Hochberg 28119 Putting Language First: The ‘Liberation’ of Logic from Ontology – Ermanno Bencivenga 293Part VII Metatheory and the Scope and Limits of Logic 30520 Metatheory – Alasdair Urquhart 30721 Metatheory of Logics and the Characterization Problem – Jan Wole´nski 31922 Logic in Finite Structures: Definability, Complexity, and Randomness – Scott Weinstein 332Part VIII Logical Foundations of Set Theory and Mathematics 34923 Logic and Ontology: Numbers and Sets – José A. Benardete 35124 Logical Foundations of Set Theory and Mathematics – Mary Tiles 36525 Property-Theoretic Foundations of Mathematics – Michael Jubien 377Part IX Modal Logics and Semantics 38926 Modal Logic – Johan van Benthem 39127 First-Order Alethic Modal Logic – Melvin Fitting 41028 Proofs and Expressiveness in Alethic Modal Logic – Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing 42229 Alethic Modal Logics and Semantics – Gerhard Schurz 44230 Epistemic Logic – Nicholas Rescher 47831 Deontic, Epistemic, and Temporal Modal Logics – Risto Hilpinen 491Part X Intuitionistic, Free, and Many-Valued Logics 51132 Intuitionism – Dirk van Dalen and Mark van Atten 51333 Many-Valued, Free, and Intuitionistic Logics – Richard Grandy 53134 Many-Valued Logic – Grzegorz Malinowski 545Part XI Inductive, Fuzzy, and Quantum Probability Logics 56335 Inductive Logic – Stephen Glaister 56536 Heterodox Probability Theory – Peter Forrest 58237 Why Fuzzy Logic? – Petr Hájek 595Part XII Relevance and Paraconsistent Logics 60738 Relevance Logic – Edwin D. Mares 60939 On Paraconsistency – Bryson Brown 62840 Logicians Setting Together Contradictories: A Perspective on Relevance, Paraconsistency, and Dialetheism – Graham Priest 651Part XIII Logic, Machine Theory, and Cognitive Science 66541 The Logical and the Physical – Andrew W. Hodges 66742 Modern Logic and its Role in the Study of Knowledge – Peter A. Flach 68043 Actions and Normative Positions: A Modal-Logical Approach – Robert Demolombe and Andrew J. I. Jones 694Part XIV Mechanization of Logical Inference and Proof Discovery 70744 The Automation of Sound Reasoning and Successful Proof Finding – Larry Wos and Branden Fitelson 70945 A Computational Logic for Applicative Common LISP – Matt Kaufmann and J. Strother Moore 72446 Sampling Labeled Deductive Systems – D. M. Gabbay 742Resources for Further Study 771Index 776

"Here is a first-class collection of articles by a first-class collection of authors. It covers the full range of philosophical logic from its history through its philosophy to its applications, with a lot of good, solid logic all along the way. Of particular value is the way it presents multiple voices on common topics. This is the way philosophy should be done."—Lou Goble, Willamette University