Edited by Maano Ramutsindela, Professor of Geography, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, Frank Matose, Co-Director, Environmental Humanities South Centre, University of Cape Town and Tafadzwa Mushonga, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria, South Africa

• Contents:Preface xiiPART I DIMENSIONS OF VIOLENT CONSERVATIONIN AFRICA1 Conservation and violence in Africa 2Maano Ramutsindela, Frank Matose and Tafadzwa MushongaPART II THE MILITARIZATION OF CONSERVATION2 The state and contested natural resources in Africa 23Frank Matose, Dina Dabo, Tichayana Konono and Simphiwe Tsawu3 The violence of greening the state in Africa 38Emmanuel Mogende and Maano Ramutsindela4 The coloniality of “crisis conservation”: thetransnationalization and militarization of Virunga NationalPark from an historical perspective 53Esther Marijnen5 Violent forests, local people and the role of the state inZimbabwe 73Tafadzwa Mushonga6 The new turn in the militarization of conservation inCameroon, Central Africa 90Guy Patrice Dkamela and Samuel NguiffoPART III LOCAL IMPACT AND AGENCY7 ‘We just saw the fence’: infrastructural violence, fencingand the legacy of South Africa’s bantustan 113Amber Abrams8 Postcolonialism, protected areas and Basarwa of CentralKalahari Game Reserve 134Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Olekae T. Thakadu9 Green violence along the value chain of illicit trade 155Shaun Cozett10 Transgression and the making of local heroes inMozambique: the conflict of contested illegality 168Nelisiwe L. VundlaPART IV ALTERNATIVES11 Protecting (with) Mount Mabo: is another form of natureconservation possible? 188Anselmo Matusse12 Princess Vlei – a story of entangled vitality 203Tania Katzschner and Bridget Pitt13 Non-violent conservation: the need and possibilities 223Maano Ramutsindela, Tafadzwa Mushonga and FrankMatoseIndex

‘This volume traces the trajectory of the dominant conservation narratives and approaches in Africa, and reveals the myriad ways in which contemporary conservation ideologies and practices reproduce colonial conservation ideologies and practices. The chapters compiled into this volume illuminate the contradictions and contestations of the dominant conservation approaches, and propose alternatives that can produce beneficial outcomes for both people and nature. This book is an important contribution to our understanding of conservation, and is a must read for those who want to envision a conservation which will guarantee sustainable outcomes.’