Verbal Systems of Aramaic

Stefan Bruweleit, PhD, is a linguist with a research focus on Aramaic and Arabic. His publications include a monograph on the Arabic dialect of Beirut (Aspect, Tense and Action in the Arabic Dialect of Beirut, Brill, 2015).

• List of Figures and TablesAbbreviations and SymbolsIntroductory RemarksPart 1: Methodological Principles and Brief Outline of the Classification and History of Aramaic1 Methodological Principles1 Introductory Remarks2 Aspect3 Tense4 Modality5 Action6 The Categorial Interplay7 Methodology2 Brief Outline of the Classification and History of AramaicPart 2: Classical Aramaic3 Old Aramaic0 The Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular and Habitual)3 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past4 Simultaneity with the Speech Time5 Posteriority to the Speech Time6 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future7 Non-indicative Clauses8 Conditional Clauses9 Summary10 Analysis4 Imperial Aramaic0 The Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultanity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Simultaneity with the Speech Time7 Posteriority to the Speech Time8 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future9 Non-indicative Clauses10 Conditional Clauses11 Verbs of Perception12 Summary13 Analysis5 Biblical Aramaic0 The Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time8 Posteriority to the Speech Time9 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future10 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future11 Non-indicative Clauses12 Conditional Clauses13 Verbs of Perception14 qāṭil and yiqṭul15 Summary16 Analysis6 Hasmonean0 The Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Simultaneity with the Speech Time7 Posteriority to the Speech Time8 Non-indicative Clauses9 Conditional Clauses10 Verbs of Perception11 Summary12 Analysis7 Targum to the Pentateuch (Genizah)0 The Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Posteriority to the Speech Time10 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future11 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis8 Christian Palestinian Aramaic0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future13 Non-indicative Clauses14 Conditional Clauses15 Verbs of Perception16 Summary17 Analysis9 The Babylonian Talmud0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis10 Classical Mandaic0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to and Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis11 Syriac0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future13 Non-indicative Clauses14 Conditional Clauses15 Verbs of Perception16 Summary17 Analysis12 Classical Aramaic: Summary and Analysis1 The Verb Forms2 The Verbal SystemsPart 3: Neo-Aramaic13.1 Early Jewish Neo-Aramaic0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Posteriority to the Speech Time10 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future11 Non-indicative Clauses12 Conditional Clauses13 Verbs of Perception14 Summary15 Analysis13.2 Early Christian Neo-Aramaic0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular and Habitual)8 Posteriority to the Speech Time9 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future10 Non-indicative Clauses11 Conditional Clauses12 Verbs of Perception13 Summary14 Analysis14 Western Neo-Aramaic0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Posteriority to the Speech Time10 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future11 Non-indicative Clauses12 Conditional Clauses13 Verbs of Perception14 Summary15 Analysis15 Modern Mandaic (Khorramshahr)0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)8 Posteriority to the Speech Time9 Non-indicative Clauses10 Conditional Clauses11 Summary12 Analysis16 Ṭuroyo0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to the a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis17 Hertevin0 Text Corpus1 Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Posteriority to the Speech Time10 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis18 J. Arbel0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis19 C. Barwar0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Future13 Non-indicative Clauses14 Conditional Clauses15 Verbs of Perception16 Summary17 Analysis20 J. Sulemaniyya and Ḥalabǧa0 Text Corpus1 The Verb Forms2 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Singular)3 Anteriority to the Speech Time (Habitual)4 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Past5 Simultaneity with a Reference Point in the Past6 Posteriority to a Reference Point in the Past7 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Singular)8 Simultaneity with the Speech Time (Habitual)9 Extratemporalis10 Posteriority to the Speech Time11 Anteriority to a Reference Point in the Future12 Non-indicative Clauses13 Conditional Clauses14 Verbs of Perception15 Summary16 Analysis21 Neo-Aramaic: Summary and Analysis