Vehicular Networks

André-Luc Beylot is Professor in the Telecommunication and Network Department of the ENSEEIHT of IRIT-T, University of Toulouse in France. Houda Labiod is Associate Professor at Telecom ParisTech in the INFRES (Computer Science and Network) Department, France.

• Introduction xiHouda LABIOD and André-Luc BEYLOTChapter 1. Congestion Control for Safety Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 1Razvan STANICA, Emmanuel CHAPUT and André-Luc BEYLOT1.1. Introduction 11.2. Beaconing frequency 51.3. Data rate 71.4. Transmission power 101.5. Minimum contention window 121.6. Physical carrier sense 251.7. Conclusion 311.8. Bibliography 32Chapter 2. Inter-Vehicle Communication for the Next Generation of Intelligent Transport Systems: Trends in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing Techniques 39Xunxing DIAO, Kun-Mean MOU, Jian-Jin LI and Haiying ZHOU2.1. Introduction 392.2. IVC-relating ITS projects 422.3. Wireless sublayer techniques 452.3.1. WLAN and WPAN (up to 300 m) 452.3.2. Dedicated short-range communication (up to 1 km) 472.3.3. Cellular networks (more than 1 km) 492.3.4. Comparison 502.4. Geographic routing techniques for VANET 522.4.1. Features of VANET 522.4.2. Localization 542.4.3. Unicast greedy routing 622.4.4. Geocast (multicast) routing 722.4.5. Delay tolerant network-based routing 752.4.6. Map-based routing 792.5. Conclusion and open issues 792.6. Acknowledgments 812.7. Bibliography 81Chapter 3. CONVOY: A New Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Networks 91Véronique VÈQUE, Florent KAISSER, Colette JOHNEN and Anthony BUSSON3.1. Introduction 913.2. Clustering or network partitioning 943.2.1. General remarks on the partitioning of mobile ad hoc networks 943.2.2. Controlling the number of hops 963.2.3. Controlling the number of nodes 973.2.4. Role of the clusterhead 983.3. Mobility-based clustering in ad hoc vehicular networks 983.3.1. The dynamics of vehicular traffic in VANETs 993.3.2. Clustering according to the lane 1013.3.3. Clustering depending on the relative speed between the vehicles 1013.3.4. Clustering depending on the direction of the movement (movement-based) 1013.3.5. Clustering depending on the radio link quality 1023.3.6. Clustering depending on speed and relative speed 1033.3.7. Clustering depending on the position, speed and direction 1043.4. Clustering of VANETs for MAC and transport applications 1053.4.1. Cluster-based MAC protocol 1053.4.2. Clustering for transport applications 1063.5. CONVOY: a vehicle convoy formation protocol 1083.5.1. Intra-convoy communication protocol 1103.5.2. Convoy formation algorithm 1103.6. Assessment of the convoy formation protocol 1173.6.1. Optimal parameters of the algorithm 1193.6.2. Distribution of the length of convoys 1203.6.3. Convoy stability 1213.7. Conclusion 1233.8. Bibliography 124Chapter 4. Complementarity between Vehicular Networks and LTE Networks 131Guillaume RÉMY, Sidi-Mohammed SENOUCI, François JAN and Yvon GOURHANT4.1. Introduction 1314.2. State of the art 1354.3. General description of the proposed architecture 1394.3.1. Network organization mechanisms for areas completely covered by LTE 1394.3.2. Network organization mechanisms for areas that are not completely covered by LTE 1404.3.3. Information collection application: LTE4V2X-C 1414.3.4. Information dissemination application: LTE4V2X-D 1414.4. Detailed description of the LTE4V2X-C protocol 1414.4.1. Initialization phase 1434.4.2. Maintenance 1454.4.3. Extension for the areas not covered by the LTE 1494.5. A detailed description of the LTE4V2X-D protocol 1514.6. Performance evaluation 1534.6.1. Hypotheses 1534.6.2. The results of the simulation and their analysis 1564.6.3. Analysis of the impact of the handover 1644.7. Conclusion 1684.8. Bibliography 169Chapter 5. Gateway Selection Algorithms in Vehicular Networks 171Ghayet e mouna ZHIOUA, Houda LABIOD, Nabil TABBANE and Sami TABBANE5.1. Introduction 1715.2. Clustering and gateway selection in VANET networks 1735.2.1. Clustering in VANET networks 1735.2.2. Gateway selection in a clustered/non-clustered VANET architecture 1775.2.3. Conclusions 1815.3. Gateway selection in a clustered VANET-LTE advanced hybrid network 1825.3.1. Problem statement 1825.3.2. LTE-advanced standard 1835.3.3. Proposed algorithm 1875.3.4. Conclusions 2045.4. Conclusion 2055.5. Bibliography 206Chapter 6. Synthetic Mobility Traces for Vehicular Networking 209Sandesh UPPOOR, Marco FIORE and Jérôme HÄRRI6.1. Introduction 2096.2. Generation process 2126.2.1. Road topology database 2126.2.2. Microscopic traffic flow description 2156.2.3. Macroscopic road traffic description 2186.3. Mobility simulators 2206.3.1. Microscopic traffic simulators 2206.3.2. Mesoscopic traffic simulators 2216.3.3. Macroscopic traffic simulators 2226.3.4. Interactions between simulators 2236.4. Mobility traces 2266.4.1. Perception 2276.4.2. Small-scale measurements 2306.4.3. Road traffic imagery 2316.4.4. Roadside detectors 2326.4.5. Sociodemographic surveys 2336.4.6. Discussion 2376.5. Bibliography 240Chapter 7. Traffic Signal Control Systems and Car-to-Car Communications 247Mounir BOUSSEDJRA, Nitin MASLEKAR, Joseph MOUZNA and Houda LABIOD7.1. Introduction 2477.2. Classification of traffic signal control systems 2497.2.1. Static systems 2507.2.2. Dynamic systems 2517.3. Traffic signal control and car-to-car communication 2697.4. Summary and conclusion 2697.5. Bibliography 273List of Authors 279Index 281