Transdisciplinary Engineering Design Process

ATILA ERTAS is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Academy of Transdisciplinary Studies, Texas Tech University, USA. Dr. Ertas has been the driving force behind the conception and development of the transdisciplinary model for education and research, and had 12 years of industrial experience prior to pursuing graduate studies.

• About the Author xiPreface xiii1 Systemic Thinking and Complex Problem Solving 11.1 Introduction 11.2 What Is Complexity? 11.3 Source of Complexity 71.4 Two Aspects of Complexity 81.5 Complexity and Societal Problems 91.6 Understanding and Managing Complexity 131.7 Managing Complexity 181.8 Complex Systems, Hierarchies, and Graphical Representations 261.9 Axiomatic Design 301.10 Collective Intelligence Management 361.11 Design Structure Matrix 491.12 Metrics of Complexity 62Bibliography 712 Transdisciplinary Design Process 772.1 Introduction 772.2 Design 782.3 Design Process Models 812.4 Typical Steps in Engineering Design Process 842.5 Design Review 1022.6 Redesign 1022.7 Other Important Design Considerations 1052.8 Transdiscipline 1142.9 Transdisciplinary Domain 1202.10 Transdisciplinary Design Process: Social Innovation through TD Collective Impact 1222.11 Generic TD Hybrid Design Process 1282.12 Transdisciplinary Research Process 129Bibliography 1403 Project Management and Product Development 1453.1 Introduction 1453.2 Project Management 1453.3 Technical Management 1633.4 Clarifying the Project Goals and Objectives 1693.5 Decision-Making 1733.6 Process of Defining Customer Needs 1803.7 Techniques and Methods for Product Development and Management 1893.8 Cascade to Production 2053.9 Production Process Planning and Tooling Design 206Bibliography 2144 Transdisciplinary Sustainable Development 2214.1 Introduction 2214.2 Transdisciplinary Sustainable Development 2224.3 Contaminated Environment 2274.4 Groundwater Sustainability 2284.5 Soil and Groundwater Restoration 2314.6 Occupational Safety and Health 2584.7 Prevention through Design: Transdisciplinary Design Process 2634.8 Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Development, and Human Well-Being 2674.9 Ecosystems 2714.10 Conclusion 279Bibliography 2795 Design for Manufacture 2895.1 Introduction 2895.2 Why Design for Manufacture? 2895.3 The Six Steps in Motorola’s DFM Method 2905.4 Lean and Agile Manufacturing 2905.5 Design for Manufacture and Assembly Guidelines 2925.6 Six Sigma 2945.7 Tolerancing in Design 3205.8 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing 3215.9 Future of Manufacturing: Additive Manufacturing 329Bibliography 3366 Design Analyses for Material Selection 3416.1 Introduction 3416.2 General Steps in Materials Selection 3426.3 Classification of Materials 3546.4 Material Properties 3576.5 Analysis of Material Requirements 3616.6 Design Analysis for Fatigue Resistance 3756.7 Miner’s Rule: Cumulative Fatigue Damage 3836.8 Fracture Mechanics Based Fatigue Analysis 3906.9 Design Analysis for Composite Materials 4116.10 Residual (Internal) Stress Considerations 4226.11 Material Standards and Specifications 4266.12 Corrosion Considerations 430Bibliography 4327 Statistical Decisions 441 7.1 Random Variables 4417.2 Measures of Central Tendency 4457.3 Measures of Variability 4467.4 Probability Distributions 4507.5 Sampling Distributions 4567.6 Statistical Inference 4597.7 Design of Experiments 4717.8 Taguchi Methods 480Bibliography 5098 Risk, Reliability, and Safety 5198.1 Introduction 5198.2 What Is Risk? 5198.3 Basic Mathematical Concepts in Reliability Engineering 5318.4 Probability Distribution Functions Used in Reliability Analysis 5338.5 Failure Modeling 5408.6 Probability Plotting 5428.7 Basic System Reliability 5448.8 Failure Mode and Defects Analysis 5678.9 Fault-Tree Analysis 5748.10 Probabilistic Design 5828.11 Worst-Case Design 588Bibliography 5909 Optimization in Design 5959.1 Introduction 5959.2 Mathematical Models and Optimization Methods 5979.3 Optimization of System Reliability 620Bibliography 63010 Modeling and Simulation 63710.1 Modeling in Engineering 63710.2 Heuristic Modeling 63810.3 Mathematical Modeling 64010.4 Dimensional Analysis 64410.5 Similarity Laws in Model Testing 64710.6 Wind and Water Tunnels 64910.7 Numerical Modeling 64910.8 Discrete Event Simulation 65810.9 Knowledge-Based Systems in the Design Process 660Bibliography 66711 Engineering Economics 67111.1 Project/Product Cost and the Engineer 67111.2 Cost Analysis and Control 67511.3 Important Economic Concepts 68211.4 Selecting an Appropriate Rate of Return 69011.5 Evaluation of Economic Alternatives 692Bibliography 70812 Engineering Ethics 71512.1 Ethics in Industry 71512.2 Ethics and the University 71612.3 Ethics in Engineering 71712.4 Legal Responsibilities of Engineers 72012.5 Codes of Ethics 72212.6 Ethical Dilemmas 72612.7 The NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers 729Bibliography 73413 Communications in Engineering 73513.1 Introduction 73513.2 The Formal Engineering Report 73613.3 Proposal Preparation 74813.4 Oral Communications 75213.5 Oral Presentations 75413.6 A Final Word on Communications 756Appendix A 759Appendix B 781Appendix C 785Appendix D 807Index 811