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Ritual has a primal connection to the idea that a transcendent order - numinous and mysterious, supranatural and elusive, divine and wholly other - gives meaning and purpose to life. The construction of rites and rituals enables humans to conceive and apprehend this transcendent order, to symbolize it and interact with it, to postulate its truths in the face of contradicting realities and to repair them when they have been breached or diminished. This Handbook provides a compendium of the information essential for constructing a comprehensive and integrated account of ritual and worship in the ancient world. Its focus on ritual and worship from the perspective of biblical studies, as opposed to religious studies, highlights that the world of ritual and worship was a topic of central concern for the people of the Ancient Near East, including the world of the Bible. Given the scarcity of the material in the Bible itself, the authors in this collection use materials from the ancient Near East to provide a larger context for the practices of the biblical world, giving due attention to historical, anthropological, and social scientific methods that inform the context of biblical worship. The specifics of ritual and worship life-the sacred spaces, times, and actors in worship-are examined in detail, with essays covering both the divine and human aspects of the sacred dimension. The Oxford Handbook of Ritual and Worship in the Hebrew Bible considers several underlying concepts of ritual practice and closes with a theological outlook on worship and ritual from a variety of perspectives, demonstrating a fruitful exchange between biblical studies, ritual theory, and social science research.
Samuel E. Balentine is Professor of Old Testament and Director of Graduate Studies, Union Presbyterian Seminary, Richmond, VA.
Contents Preface List of Contributors 1. Introduction, Samuel E. Balentine Part I. Historical Contexts 2. Mesopotamian Religion, Tzvi Abusch 3. Ritual and Worship in Ancient Egypt, Emily Teeter 4. The Hittites Serve their Gods, Gary Beckman 5. Syria-Palestine: Worship and Rituals, Adrian Curtis 6. The Greeks and their Rituals, Barbara Kowalzig Part II. Interpretive Approaches 7. History of Religion, Lester Grabbe 8. Rituals and Ritual Theory: A Methodological Essay, Ithamar Gruenwald 9. Social and Cultural Anthropology, William Gilders Part III. Ritual Elements: Participants, Places, Times, Objects, Practices 10. God, Gods, and Humankkind (Worldview), Friedhelm Hartenstein 11. Sacred Space and Common Space, Michael Hundley 12. Ritual Experts and Participants in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible, Thomas Hieke 13. Sacred Times and Ritual Times, Andrew Davis 14. Ritual Objects and Artifacts, Ryan Bonfiglio 15. Ritual and Religious Practices, Roy Gane 16. Ritualizing Iconic Jewish Texts, James W. Watts 17. Ritualizing Christian Iconic Texts, Dori Parmenter 18. Ritualizing Muslim Texts, Jonas Svensson Part IV. Cultural and Theological Perspectives 19. Sin and Expiation, David Janzen 20. Clean/Unclean, Pure/Impure, Holy/Profane, Jonathan Lawrence 21. Sickness and Healing, Deborah Rooke 22. Death and Afterlife, Brian Schmidt 23. Divine Presence and Absence, Angelika Berlejung Part V. History of Interpretation 24. Ritual and Worship at Qumran, Eileen Schuller 25. Influence on Early Christian Worship, Paul Bradshaw 26. Ritual and Worship in Early Judaism, Judith Newman 27. Rabbinic Judaism, Stefan Reif Part VI. Socio-Cultural Functions 28. The Politics of Worship, William S. Morrow 29. The Ethics of Worship, Eryl Davies 30. Socio-Religious Functions of Worship, Stephen L. Cook 31. The Economics of Worship in Ancient Israel and Judah, Joachim Schaper Part VII. Theology and Theological Heritage 32. Ritual Theology in/and Biblical Theology, Gerald Klingbeil 33. Welcoming the Sabbath on the Kibbutzim: Secular Religiosity, Dalia Marx 34. One God, Multiple Rituals and Theologies: Christianity, Rodney A. Werline 35. Islamic Ritual, Richard Gauvain Scriptural and Ancient Texts Subject Index
This is a much-needed volume on ritual and worship practices in Israel and the ANE.