The Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication

Matthew C. Nisbet (Editor in Chief) is Professor of Communication Studies and Affiliate Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs at Northeastern University. He is Editor in Chief of the journal Environmental Communication and a consulting communication researcher to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Nisbet holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in Communication from Cornell University and a B.A. in Government from Dartmouth College.Shirley S. Ho (Associate Ed.) is Associate Professor and Assistant Chair for Faculty Affairs in the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Her research focuses on cross-cultural public opinion dynamics related to science and technology, with potential health or environmental impacts. Specifically, her work emphasizes the roles of values, social media and other emerging modes of communication in shaping public attitudes toward science and technology.Ezra Markowitz (Associate Ed.) is Assistant Professor of Environmental Decision-Making at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His research focuses on the intersection of decision-making, persuasive communication and environmental sustainability.Saffron O'Neill (Associate Ed.) is Associate Professor in Geography at the University of Exeter, UK. Her research focuses on risk perception, risk communication and public engagement with climate change and climate variability; and the implications of these areas for public policy.Mike S. Schäfer (Associate Ed.) is Professor of Communication Science at the University of Zurich and Director of the University's Center for Higher Education and Science Studies (CHESS). His research focuses on science communication and climate change communication in legacy and online media, as well as on theories of the public sphere.Jagadish Thaker (Associate Ed.) is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University. His research examines ways to understand and enhance vulnerable communities' adaptive capacity to climate change impacts, and he specializes in the fields of science and climate change communication, health communication, and strategic communication campaigns.

• AAffective Imagery, Risk Perceptions, and Climate Change CommunicationAgenda Building, Narratives, and Attention Cycles in Climate Change News CoverageAgricultural Extension and Climate Change CommunicationThe Arts and Humanities in Climate Change EngagementAudience Segmentation and Climate Change CommunicationCClimate Change and CelebrityClimate Change Communication and Indigenous PublicsClimate Change Communication in ArgentinaClimate Change Communication in AustriaClimate Change Communication in BelgiumClimate Change Communication in CanadaClimate Change Communication in ChinaClimate Change Communication in ColombiaClimate Change Communication in DenmarkClimate Change Communication in GermanyClimate Change Communication in Hong Kong and TaiwanClimate Change Communication in IndiaClimate Change Communication in IrelandClimate Change Communication in ItalyClimate Change Communication in JapanClimate Change Communication in Middle East and Arab CountriesClimate Change Communication in New ZealandClimate Change Communication in NorwayClimate Change Communication in PeruClimate Change Communication in PortugalClimate Change Communication in RussiaClimate Change Communication in SingaporeClimate Change Communication in South KoreaClimate Change Communication in SpainClimate Change Communication in SwitzerlandClimate Change Communication in the NetherlandsClimate Change Communication in TurkeyClimate Change Communication on Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, and Other Social Media PlatformsClimate Change Conspiracy TheoriesCognitive Biases, Non-Rational Judgments, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change Communicating about Biodiversity, Public Engagement, and Climate ChangeCommunicating about Biofuels and Climate ChangeCommunicating about Carbon Capture and StorageCommunicating about Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading ProgramsCommunicating about Climate Change across Workplace and Organizational SettingsCommunicating about Climate Change with Corporate Leaders and Stakeholders Communicating about Climate Change with Farmers Communicating about Climate Change with Journalists and Media ProducersCommunicating about Climate Change with PolicymakersCommunicating about Climate Change with Religious Groups and LeadersCommunicating about Climate Change with Urban Populations and Decision-MakersCommunicating about Fossil Fuel DivestmentCommunicating about Hydropower, Dams, and Climate ChangeCommunicating about Nuclear Energy and Climate ChangeCommunicating about Solar Energy and Climate ChangeCommunicating Climate Change Adaptation and ResilienceCommunicating Sea Level RiseCommunicating the Public Health Risks of Climate ChangeCommunication Strategies of Environmental NGOs and Advocacy GroupsContent Analysis in Climate Change CommunicationCountering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific ConsensusDDeterminants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and ConcernDiscourse Analysis in Climate Change CommunicationDocumentary and Edutainment Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal ImpactsEEconomic Conditions and Public Opinion on Climate ChangeEconomic, Technological, and Organizational Factors Influencing News Coverage of Climate ChangeEffects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and ConflictEffects of Social Media Use on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior Effects of TV and Cable News Viewing on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and BehaviorElite News Coverage of Climate ChangeEngaging with Climate Change ImageryEntertainment Film and TV Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal ImpactsEthics for Climate Change CommunicatorsFFear Appeals in Climate Change CommunicationFrame Analysis in Climate Change CommunicationFraming of Climate Change in United States Science EducationGGeographies of Climate Change Beliefs"Global Warming" versus "Climate Change" and the Influence of Labeling on Public Perceptions IIdeology in Climate Change CommunicationImpact of Journalistic Background, Professional Norms, and Culture on Climate Change CoverageInfluence of Labelling and Incivility on Climate Change CommunicationThe Information Deficit Model and Climate Change CommunicationInternet-Enabled Activism and Climate ChangeJJournalistic Depictions of Uncertainty about Climate ChangeLLinguistic Analysis in Climate Change CommunicationMMedia Coverage on International Climate Summits and NegotiationsMental Models and Risk Perceptions of Climate ChangeMethods for Assessing Journalistic Decisions, Advocacy Strategies, and Climate Change Communication Practices Methods for Assessing Online Climate Change Communication, Social Media Discussion, and BehaviorMethods for Assessing Visual Images and Depictions of Climate ChangeNNarrative Persuasion and Storytelling as Climate Communication StrategiesCommunication, Negotiation, and Influence at International Climate Change Meetings and SummitsOObjectivity, False Balance, and Advocacy in News Coverage of Climate ChangeOnline and Social Media Campaigns for Climate Change EngagementPParticipatory and Deliberative Approaches to Climate ChangePartisan Cueing and Polarization in Public Opinion about Climate ChangePerceived Temporal and Geographic Distance and Public Opinion about Climate ChangePersonal Experience, Extreme Weather Events, and Perceptions of Climate ChangePolitical Participation and Voting Relevant to Climate ChangePortrayal and Impacts of Climate Change in Advertising and Consumer CampaignsPsychological Challenges in Communicating about Climate Change and its UncertaintiesPsychological, Social, and Cultural Barriers to Communicating about Climate ChangePublic Knowledge, Scientific Literacy, Numeracy, and Perceptions of Climate ChangeRRace, Class, Gender and Climate Change CommunicationReligious Identity, Beliefs and Views about Climate ChangeSScientists' Views about Public Engagement and Science Communication in the Context of Climate Change Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate ChangeSocial Capital and Climate Change AdaptationSocial Movement Participation and Climate ChangeSource Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate ChangeStrategic Framing and Persuasive Messaging to Influence Climate Change Perceptions and DecisionsStrategies for Countering False Information and Beliefs about Climate ChangeSustainability Science and Climate Change CommunicationTTV and Cable News Coverage of Climate ChangeTV Meteorologists as Local Climate Change EducatorsWWildfire Communication and Climate Risk MitigationYYoung People and Climate Change CommunicationZZoos and Aquaria as Informal Learning Environments for Climate Change CommunicationTOPICAL OUTLINE OF ARTICLES:Climate Change Public Opinion, Knowledge, and BehaviorConceptualizing and Evaluating the Role of Public Opinion in Societal Decisions-- The Information Deficit Model and Climate Change CommunicationCognitive Processing, Heuristics and Perceptions of Climate Change-- Mental Models and Risk Perceptions of Climate Change-- Cognitive Biases, Non-Rational Judgments, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change -- Public Knowledge, Scientific Literacy, Numeracy, and Perceptions of Climate Change-- Partisan Cueing and Polarization in Public Opinion about Climate Change-- Affective Imagery, Risk Perceptions, and Climate Change Communication-- Perceived Temporal and Geographic Distance and Public Opinion about Climate Change-- "Global Warming" versus "Climate Change" and the Influence of Labeling on Public Perceptions Personal Experience, Salience, and Perceptions of Climate Change-- Economic Conditions and Public Opinion on Climate Change-- Personal Experience, Extreme Weather Events, and Perceptions of Climate ChangeEmotion, Social Norms, and Public Opinion about Climate Change-- Countering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific Consensus-- Determinants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and ConcernValues, Worldviews and Public Perceptions-- Climate Change Conspiracy TheoriesSocial Identity, Background, and Public Perceptions-- Race, Class, Gender and Climate Change Communication-- Geographies of Climate Change BeliefsEthics, Morals, Cultural Beliefs and Perceptions of Climate Change-- Religious Identity, Beliefs and Views about Climate Change-- Ethics for Climate Change CommunicatorsClimate Change-Related Social, Political, and Consumer Behavior-- Political Participation and Voting Relevant to Climate Change-- Social Movement Participation and Climate Change-- Social Capital and Climate Change Adaptation-- Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and ConflictMedia Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal EffectsSocial, Ideological, and Cultural Factors Shaping News Media Portrayals-- Objectivity, False Balance, and Advocacy in News Coverage of Climate Change-- Journalistic Depictions of Uncertainty about Climate Change-- Agenda Building, Narratives, and Attention Cycles in Climate Change News Coverage-- Ideology in Climate Change Communication-- Scientists' Views about Public Engagement and Science Communication in the Context of Climate ChangeOrganizational and Source Influences on Climate Change Coverage-- Impact of Journalistic Background, Professional Norms, and Culture on Climate Change Coverage-- Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate Change-- Economic, Technological, and Organizational Factors Influencing News Coverage of Climate Change-- Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate ChangeMedia Portrayals of Climate Change across News Outlet and Type of Organization-- Elite News Coverage of Climate Change-- TV and Cable News Coverage of Climate Change-- Climate Change Communication on Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, and Other Social Media PlatformsJournalistic Decisions and News Coverage Specific to Major Political Focusing Events-- Media Coverage on International Climate Summits and NegotiationsNews and Social Media Use and their Effects on Audiences-- Effects of TV and Cable News Viewing on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior-- Effects of Social Media Use on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior Non-Traditional Media Portrayals of Climate Change and Their Societal Impacts-- Engaging with Climate Change Imagery-- Documentary and Edutainment Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts-- Entertainment Film and TV Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts-- Portrayal and Impacts of Climate Change in Advertising and Consumer CampaignsClimate Change Communication Strategies and CampaignsMajor Challenges, Debates, and Issues in Climate Change Communication-- Psychological, Social, and Cultural Barriers to Communicating about Climate Change-- TV Meteorologists as Local Climate Change Educators-- Psychological Challenges in Communicating about Climate Change and its Uncertainties-- Influence of Labelling and Incivility on Climate Change CommunicationCommunication, Persuasion, and Message Design Strategies-- Narrative Persuasion and Storytelling as Climate Communication Strategies-- Strategic Framing and Persuasive Messaging to Influence Climate Change Perceptions and Decisions-- Fear Appeals in Climate Change Communication-- Strategies for Countering False Information and Beliefs about Climate Change-- Audience Segmentation and Climate Change CommunicationPublic Education Campaigns and Informal Learning Initiatives-- The Arts and Humanities in Climate Change Engagement-- Zoos and Aquaria as Informal Learning Environments for Climate Change Communication-- Communicating about Climate Change across Workplace and Organizational Settings-- Climate Change and Celebrity-- Participatory and Deliberative Approaches to Climate Change-- Online and Social Media Campaigns for Climate Change EngagementActivism, Mobilization, and Political Influence Campaigns-- Communication Strategies of Environmental NGOs and Advocacy Groups-- Internet-Enabled Activism and Climate Change-- Communication, Negotiation, and Influence at International Climate Change Meetings and SummitsClimate Change Communication with Specialized Groups-- Communicating about Climate Change with Journalists and Media Producers-- Young People and Climate Change Communication-- Framing of Climate Change in United States Science Education-- Communicating about Climate Change with Religious Groups and Leaders-- Communicating about Climate Change with Corporate Leaders and Stakeholders -- Climate Change Communication and Indigenous Publics-- Communicating about Climate Change with Urban Populations and Decision-Makers-- Communicating about Climate Change with Farmers -- Communicating about Climate Change with PolicymakersCommunication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts of Climate Change-- Communicating Sea Level Rise-- Communicating about Biodiversity, Public Engagement, and Climate Change-- Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk MitigationHuman and Societal Impacts of Climate Change-- Communicating the Public Health Risks of Climate Change-- Agricultural Extension and Climate Change Communication-- Sustainability Science and Climate Change CommunicationCommunication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change Policies and TechnologiesClimate Mitigation and Adaptation Policies and Actions-- Communicating about Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading Programs-- Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment-- Communicating Climate Change Adaptation and ResilienceClimate Change Technologies and Clean Energy Sources-- Communicating about Solar Energy and Climate Change-- Communicating about Nuclear Energy and Climate Change-- Communicating about Biofuels and Climate Change-- Communicating about Hydropower, Dams, and Climate Change-- Communicating about Carbon Capture and StorageCommunication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change across CountriesEurope-- Climate Change Communication in Germany-- Climate Change Communication in Austria-- Climate Change Communication in Switzerland-- Climate Change Communication in Denmark-- Climate Change Communication in Norway-- Climate Change Communication in the Netherlands-- Climate Change Communication in Belgium-- Climate Change Communication in Ireland-- Climate Change Communication in Spain-- Climate Change Communication in Portugal-- Climate Change Communication in Italy-- Climate Change Communication in Russia-- Climate Change Communication in TurkeyAsia and Oceania-- Climate Change Communication in China-- Climate Change Communication in Hong Kong and Taiwan-- Climate Change Communication in South Korea-- Climate Change Communication in Japan-- Climate Change Communication in India-- Climate Change Communication in Singapore-- Climate Change Communication in New ZealandNorth and Central America-- Climate Change Communication in CanadaSouth America-- Climate Change Communication in Colombia-- Climate Change Communication in Peru-- Climate Change Communication in ArgentinaMiddle East and Africa-- Climate Change Communication in Middle East and Arab CountriesMethods of Analyzing and Evaluating Climate Change CommunicationAssessing the Content of Climate Change Communication and Media Portrayals-- Content Analysis in Climate Change Communication-- Frame Analysis in Climate Change Communication-- Linguistic Analysis in Climate Change Communication-- Discourse Analysis in Climate Change Communication-- Methods for Assessing Visual Images and Depictions of Climate Change-- Methods for Assessing Online Climate Change Communication, Social Media Discussion, and Behavior-- Methods for Assessing Journalistic Decisions, Advocacy Strategies, and Climate Change Communication Practices