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Visual illusions cut across academic divides and popular interests: on the one hand, illusions provide entertainment as curious tricks of the eye; on the other hand, scientific research related to illusory phenomena has given generations of scientists and artists deep insights into the brain and principles of mind and consciousness. Numerous thinkers (including Aristotle, Descartes, Da Vinci, Escher, Goethe, Galileo, Helmholtz, Maxwell, Newton, and Wittgenstein) have been lured by the apparent simplicity of illusions and the promise that illusory phenomena can elucidate the puzzling relationship between the physical world and our perceptual reality. Over the past thirty years, advances in imaging and electrophysiology has dramatically expanded the range of illusions and enabled new forms of analysis, thereby creating new and exciting ways to consider how the brain constructs our perceptual world.The Oxford Compendium of Visual Illusions is a collection of over one hundred chapters about illusions, displayed and discussed by the researchers who invented and conducted research on the illusions. Chapters include full-color images, associated videos, and extensive references. The book is divided into eleven sections: first, a presentation of general history and viewpoints on illusions, followed by sections on geometric, color, motion, space, faces, and cross-category illusions. The book will be of interest to vision scientists, neuroscientists, psychologists, physicists, philosophers, artists, designers, advertisers, and educators curious about applied aspects of visual perception and the brain.
Arthur Shapiro, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at American University, Washington, D.C.Dejan Todorovic, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia.
How to Use the Online TextbookIntroductionPart I: Introductory General Chapters1. Early history of illusions - Nicholas J. Wade2. Cross-cultural Studies of Illusions - J.B. Dergowski3. Visual Illusion in a Comparative Perspective - Kazuo Fujita, Noriyuki Nakamura, and Sota Watanabe4. An Analysis of Theoretical Approaches to Geometrical-Optical Illusions - Barbara Gillam5. Visual Illusions in Action - Nicola Bruno6. Motion Illusions in Man and Machine - Cornelia Fermüller7. The Visual World as Illusion: The Ones We Know and the Ones We Don't - Stephen Grossberg8. Visual Illusions? - Jan Koenderink9. Why the Concept of "Visual Illusions" is Misleading - Dale Purves, William T. Wojtach, R. Beau Lotto10. Where have all the illusions gone? -- A critique of the concept of illusion - Brian RogersPart II: Geometrical11. Weighted positional averaging in the illusions of the Müller-Lyer type - Aleksandr Bulatov12. The Bar Cross Ellipse Illusion - Gideon P. Caplovitz, Alex Boswell, and Kyle Killebrew13. The Spinning Ellipse Speed Illusion - Gideon Paul Caplovitz, Po-Jang Hsieh, Peter J. Kohler, and Katharine B. Porter14. The Ames-window illusion and its variations - Marcel de Heer and Thomas V. Papathomas15. Three-Dimensional Müller-Lyer Illusion: Theoretical and Practical Implications - Patricia R. DeLucia16. Why do Hills Look so Steep? - Frank H. Durgin and Zhi Li17. "Shape from Smear": An Illusion of 3D Shape, Made by Finger-Painting with Noise - Roland W. Fleming and Daniel Holtmann-Rice18. Geometric-optical illusions under isoluminance? - Kai Hamburger, Thorsten Hansen, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner19. The Picture Surface Illusion: 3D Biases 2D - Sherief Hammad and John M. Kennedy20. Cast Shadow Illusions - Daniel Kersten and Pascal Mamassian21. Leaning Tower Illusion - Frederick A. A. Kingdom, Ali Yoonessi, and Elena Gheorghiu22. The Invisible Saddle, or the Cap-or-Cup Illusion - Jan Koenderink, Andrea van Doorn, and Johan Wagemans23. Symmetry and uprightness in visually-perceived shapes - Lydia Maniatis24. Bath Tub Illusion - Lydia Maniatis25. The Pitchroom Illusion: How High is Up? - Leonard Matin, Ethel Matin, Wenxun Li, Todd E. Hudson, and Adam Shavit26. Geometric Illusions in the Human Face and Body - Kazunori Morikawa27. Dynamic Illusory Size Contrast: enhanced relative size effects due to stimulus motion - Ryan E.B. Mruczek, Christopher D. Blair, Lars Strother, and Gideon P. Caplovitz28. Size Contrast and assimilation in the Delboeuf and Ebbinghaus illusions - Ryan E.B. Mruczek, Christopher D. Blair, Lars Strother, and Gideon P. Caplovitz29. The Occlusion, Configural Shape, and Shrinkage Illusions - Stephen E. Palmer and Karen B. Schloss30. Reverse-perspective art and objects - Illusions in depth and motion - Thomas V. Papathomas31. The New Moon Illusion - Brian Rogers and Stuart Anstis32. Geometrical errors are the cost of maintaining the luminance contrast polarity - Sergio Roncato33. Antigravity Slopes: A new type of visual illusion - Kokichi Sugihara34. The geometrical-optical illusions of J.J. Oppel - Dejan Todorovic35. Oppel-Kundt Illusion - Jill Wackermann36. The Shifted-Chessboard Pattern as Paradigm of the Exegesis of Geometrical-optical Illusions - Gerald WestheimerPart III: Brightness/Lightness/Color37. A Layered Experience of Lightness and Color - Barton L. Anderson38. Color & luminance: afterimages, combinations and flicker - Stuart Anstis39. The White effect - Barbara Blakeslee and Mark E. McCourt40. The Dungeon Illusion - Paola Bressan and Peter Kramer41. The contrast contrast illusion - Charles Chubb, Joshua A. Solomon, and George Sperling42. Illusory Color Spread from Apparent Motion - Carol M. Cicerone and Donald D. Hoffman43. The reversed contrast Necker cube - Alessandra Galmonte and Tiziano Agostini44. Changing the Chevreul Illusion by a Background Luminance Ramp - János Geier and Mariann Hudák45. The curved grid non-illusions: eliminating Hermann's spots and Lingelbach's scintillation - János Geier and Mariann Hudák46. The Staircase Gelb Illusion - Alan Gilchrist47. The Breathing Light Illusion: illusory size and brightness variation induced by motion - Simone Gori, Enrico Giora, and D. Alan Stubbs48. Large Shift in Brightness Induced by Motion in Context - Sang Wook Hong49. The Chromatic Mach Card - Anya Hurlbert50. Colour Assimilation - Frederick A. A. Kingdom51. When light looks like paint - Frederick A. A. Kingdom52. The Scintillating Grid - Bernd Lingelbach53. Second-order Mach Bands, Chevreul, and Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet Illusions - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling54. Vasarely's Nested Squares and the Alternating Brightness Star illusion - Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik55. Grating Induction - Mark E. McCourt and Barbara Blakeslee56. Illusory variations in apparent dot brightness induced by density modulations - Jeffrey B. Mulligan57. On the Watercolor Illusion - Baingio Pinna58. The Chinese lantern illusion - Sergio Roncato, Sandro Bettella, and Clara Casco59. The Wedding Cake Illusion: Interaction of Geometric and Photometric Factors in Induced Contrast and Assimilation - Branka Spehar and Colin WG Clifford60. Filling-in between contours - Rob van Lier61. The glare effect - Daniele Zavagno and Olga DaneykoPart IV: Motion-Based62. Improbable Illusory Contours - Barton L. Anderson63. Low-level motion illusions - Stuart Anstis64. High-level organization of motion: Ambiguous, Primed, Sliding, & Flashed - Stuart Anstis65. Backscroll illusion - Kiyoshi Fujimoto66. The Rotating Tilted Lines Illusion: rotation instead of expansion, a peculiar case of motion misperception - Simone Gori67. The enigmatic Enigma illusion - Kai Hamburger68. The Fraser-Wilcox illusion and its extension - Akiyoshi Kitaoka69. Induced motion - Jasmin Léveillé and Arash Yazdanbakhsh70. The Freezing Rotation Illusion - Erika N. Lorincz and Max R. Dürsteler71. Second-order Reversed Phi - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling72. Attention-generated apparent motion - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling73. Two-stroke apparent motion - George Mather74. On the Pinna Illusion - Baingio Pinna75. Color Wagon Wheel - Arthur Shapiro76. The Aperture Problem: Illusions arising during the integration and segmentation of motion within and across apertures - Maggie Shiffrar77. Paths of Apparent Human Motion Follow Motor Constraints - Maggie Shiffrar and Christina Joseph78. The Motion Standstill Illusion - George Sperling, Son-Hee Lyu, Chia-Huei Tseng, and Zhong-Lin Lu79. Objectless Motion: The Pedestalled Motion Paradigm - George Sperling and Zhong-Lin Lu80. Silencing the awareness of change - Jordan W. Suchow and George A. Alvarez81. The Kayahara Silhouette Illusion - Nikolaus F. Troje82. The motion aftereffect - Frans A.J. Verstraten and Peter J. Bex83. High phi and ghost phi: Extreme motion illusions - Mark Wexler84. Stereokinetic phenomena - Mario Zanforlin85. Motion illusions in static patterns - Johannes M. ZankerPart V: Faces86. The Venus Effect - Marco Bertamini and Richard Latto87. The Hollow-mask Illusion and Variations - Thomas V. Papathomas88. The Illusion of Sex - Richard Russell89. The Bogart Effect - Sharon Gilad-Gutnick, Rohan Varma, and Pawan Sinha90. The Presidential Illusion - Sharon Gilad-Gutnick and Pawan Sinha91. About Face: The Margaret Thatcher Illusion - Peter Thompson92. The Mona Lisa effect - Dejan Todorovic93. The Wobbling Face Illusion - Sayako Ueda and Akiyoshi Kitaoka94. Adaptation aftereffects in the perception of faces - Michael A. WebsterPart VI: Grouping and Organization95. Ambiguous Figures Moving Forward - Lori J. Bernstein96. The Scramble Illusion: Texture Metamers - Charles Chubb, Joseph Darcy, Michael S. Landy, John Econopouly, Jong-Ho Nam, Dan Bindman, and George Sperling97. Amodally completed angles - Walter Gerbino98. Subjective Contours - Barbara Gillam99. The Ternus Effect - Elisabeth Hein100. Two sinusoids: 6 - 1 perceptions - Jan Kremlacek101. The Illusions of Numerosity - Riccardo Luccio102. The Aperture Capture Illusion - Evan M. Palmer and Philip J. KellmanPart VII: Attention103. Motion-induced blindness (MIB) - Yoram Bonneh104. Inattentional blindness and the illusion of attention - Daniel J. SimonsPart VIII: Binocular Vision/Stereopsis105. Binocular rivalry: The illusion of disappearance - Randolph Blake106. Stereo Rotation Standstill and Related Illusions - Max R. Dürsteler and Erika N. Lorincz107. The graph-paper effect: a moving, illusory, stereoscopic texture - Mark GeorgesonPart IX: Adaptation108. Adaptation to brightness change, contours, jogging, and apparent motion - Stuart Anstis109. The Color Dove illusion- chromatic filling in effect following a spatial-temporal edge - Yuval Barkan and Hedva Spitzer110. Blur adaptation and induction - Michael A. WebsterPart X: Conflicting Scale or Other Information111. Hybrid Image Illusion - Aude Oliva and Philippe G. Schyns112. Contrast Asynchronies - Arthur Shapiro113. Hidden Images - Nicholas J. WadePart XI: Multisensory114. The three-dimensional Necker cube - Nicola Bruno115. The McGurk Effect and the Primacy of Multisensory Perception - James W. Dias, Theresa C. Cook, and Lawrence D. RosenblumIndex
To sum up, the insights throughout the compendium are impressive and wide-ranging. ... All in all, a timely and highlycompetent work.