The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus

W. Martin Usrey, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and Professor of Neurology at UC Davis. His research is focused on understanding the functional properties of neural circuits that serve vision and the relationship between circuit activity, behavior, and perception. He has authored over 70 publications and directed several international courses and conferences on sensory processing and thalamocortical relations. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. The Usrey laboratory is home to Brainmaps.org, an interactive, high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope for students, educators, and researchers. He is also editor of sensory systems for the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.S. Murray Sherman, Ph.D., is Maurice Goldblatt Professor and Chairman in the Department of Neurobiology at the University of Chicago. His books include Exploring the Thalamus,Exploring the Thalamus and its Role in Cortical Function, Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus, and Exploring Thalamocortical Interactions: Circuitry for Sensation, Action, and Cognition. Dr. Sherman is the author of more than 250 scientific papers, has served on the committees of several scientific organizations and on the editorial boards of multiple journals, and is Editor-in-Chief of the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. He has held visiting academic positions at universities in the UK and China. The main focus of Dr. Sherman's research is directed towards understanding thalamic functional organization through a variety of interdisciplinary techniques.

• ContributorsPrefaceAbbreviations Section I: IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction and Overview, W. Martin Usrey and S. Murray Sherman Section II: Thalamic Cell and Circuit PropertiesSection Introduction: Martha BickfordChapter 2: Thalamus and Prethalamus Cell Types and Their Interconnections, Martha BickfordChapter 3: Biophysical Properties of Thalamic Cell Types, Thomas BuddeChapter 4: Heterogeneity of Thalamic Input Landscapes, László AcsádyChapter 5: Synaptic Properties of Thalamic and Prethalamic Inputs, Carmen Varela Section III: Cortical Cell and Circuit PropertiesSection Introduction: Alex D. ReyesChapter 6: Anatomical and Physiological Basis for the Flow of Thalamocortical Inputs Across the Layers of the Primary Sensory Cortex, Marcel OberlaenderChapter 7: Biosphysical Properties of Cortical Excitatory Neurons, Lucy M. PalmerChapter 8: Functional Roles Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons, Hyeyoung Shin and Hillel AdesnikChapter 9: Transformation of Receptive Fields Across Laminae, Alex D. ReyesChapter 10: Neuromodulation in Cortical Circuits, Veronica C. Galvin and Anita A. Disney Section IV: Pathways Between the Thalamus and the CortexSection Introduction: Francisco Clascá and Sonja HoferChapter 11: Thalamic Output Pathways: Global Layout and Nucleus-Level Organization, Francisco ClascáChapter 12: Thalamic Output Pathways: Single-Cell Organization Level, Francisco ClascáChapter 13: Thalamortical Synapses, Anthony Holtmaat and Kok-Sin LeeChapter 14: Structure and Function of Corticothalamic Pathways of Layer 6 Neuron, Allison J. Murphy and Farran BriggsChapter 15: Corticothalamic Layer 5 Pathways and Synapses, Rebecca A. Mease and Alexander GrohChapter 16: The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus: Anatomo-Functional Mechanisms and Concept, Didier Pinault Section V: Sensory SystemsSection Introduction: Andrew J. King and Judith A. HirschChapter 17: A Comparative Approach to Parallel Geniculocortical Pathways, Samuel G. SolomonChapter 18: Thalamic Contributions to Visual Cortical Receptive Fields, Ronan O'Shea, Mandi C. Severson, and Nicholar J. PriebeChapter 19: Corticogeniculate Feedback and Visual Processing, W. Martin UsreyChapter 20: Visual Processing in the Pulvinar, Angela Y. Fan and James A. BourneChapter 21: Auditory Thalamic Nuclei, Cell Types, and Parallel Pathways, Daniel A. LlanoChapter 22: Sensory Representations in the Auditory Cortex and Thalamus, Jennifer F. LindenChapter 23: The Role of the Thalamus for Human Auditory and Visual Speech Perception, Katharina von Kriegstein and Christa Müller- AxtChapter 24: Corticothalamic Interactions in the Auditory System, Victoria M. Bajo and Andrea J. KingChapter 25: General Organization and Parallel Pathways in the Somatosensory System, Christina MoChapter 26: Duplicated Thalamocortical Input: Lesson sof rhte Somatosensory System, Randy M. BrunoChapter 27: Layer 6 Corticothalamic Neurons in the Somatosensory System, Solange P. BrownChapter 28: The Vestibular Thalamus, Kathleen E. Cullen, Jérôme Carriot, and Maurice J.ChacronChapter 29: Thalamocortical Contribution to Chemical Senses, Emmanuelle Courtiol, Arianna Maffei, and Alfredo FontaniniChapter 30: Thalamic Contributions to Multisensory Convergence and Processing, Annamaria Barczak, Monica N. O'Connell, and Charles E. Schroeder Section VI: Motor SystemsSection Introduction: Adam W. Hantmann and Kevin P. CrossChapter 31: Thalamic Control of Motor Cortical Synchrony, Abdulraheem Nashef and Yifat PrutChapter 32: Intrinsic Properties of Neurons in Motor Thalamus and Connected Cortex, Francesco Cavarretta, Taylor Kahl, and Dieter JaegerChapter 33: Connectivity of Motor Cortex, Motor Thalamus, and Striatum, Bryan M. HooksChapter 34: Models of Thalamocortical Interactions in Motor Control, G. Sean Escola, Kaushik Lakshminarasimhan, and Laureline LogiacoChapter 35: Thalamocortical Contributions to Neural Dyanmics and Behavior, Jorge Jaramillo and Zengcai V. GuoChapter 36: Oculomotor Thalamus and Efference Copy, Marc A. Sommer Section VII: Inter-areal Cortical CommunicationSection Introduction: Alessandra AngelucciChapter 37: The Evolving Concept of Cortical Hierarchy, Julien Vezoli, Yujie Hou, and Henry KennedyChapter 38: Feedforward and Feedback Connections: Functional Connectivity, Synaptic Physiology, and Function, Alessandra Angelucci and Leopoldo PetreanuChapter 39: Modular Architecture of Layer 1 as a Template for the Organization of the Mouse Distributed Hierarchical Visual Network, Andreas BurkhalterChapter 40: Mechanisms of Cortico-Cortical Communication, Adam KohnChapter 41: Predictive Coding: Forward and Backward Connectivity, Stewart Shipp and Karl FristonChapter 42: Cortico-Cortical Communication Through the Thalamus: Trans-Thalamic Pathways, Mitra Javadzadeh and Sonja B. Hofer Section VIII: Cognitive PropertiesSection Introduction: Michael M. Halassa and Sabine KastnerChapter 43: Memory and the Human Anterior Thalamus, Catherine M. Sweeney-Reed and Robert T. KnightChapter 44: Memory and the Rodent Anterior Thalamus, Adrien Peyrache and Adrian J. DuszkiewiczChapter 45: Attention and Thalamocortical Interactions, Sabine Kastner and W. Martin UsreyChapter 46: The Mediodorsal Thalamus and Decision-Making, Michael M. Halassa and Yuri B. SaalmannChapter 47: Thalamic Contribution to Cortical Network Functions, Kai Hwang and James M. ShineChapter 48: Thalamic Bases of Goal-Directed Behaviors, Mathieu Wolff Section IX: Development and PlasticitySection Introduction: Chinfei ChenChapter 49: Mechanisms Underlying the Refinement of the Retinogeniculate Synapse, Chinfei ChenChapter 50: Postnatal Development of the Thalamocortical Circuit and Sensory-Driven Cortical Activity, Theofanis KarayannisChapter 51: Critical Period Plasticity and Development of Binocular Vision, Jianhua Cang and Adema RibicChapter 52: Development and Plasticity of Feature Selectivity, Sophie V. Griswold and Stephen D. Van HooserChapter 53: Development of Corticothalamic Projections, William GuidoChapter 54: The Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex and Thalamus and Plasticity Within This Circuitry, Anna S. MitchellChapter 55: Cross-Modal Plasticity of Cortical and Thalamic Circuits, Lukas Mesik and Hey-Kyoung Lee Section X: EvolutionSection Introduction: Leah KrubitzerChapter 56: The Coevolution of the Neocortex and Dorsal Thalamus in Mammals, Andrew C. Halley and Leah KrubitzerChapter 57: Evolution of Frontal Cortex and Thalamus in Primates, Mary K.L. Baldwin and Steven P. WiseChapter 58: Evolution and Development of Thalamocortical Relationships, Zoltan Molnar, Sara Bandiera, and Gavin J. ClowryChapter 59: Evolution and Elaboration of the Thalamocortical Action Maps, Paul Cisek and Ayuno Nakahashi Section XI: Computational Approaches to Thalamocortical Dynamics, Encoding, and AlgorithmsSection Introduction: Eric Shea-BrownChapter 60: Connecting Neural Dynamics and Computation Across Spatial and Temporal Scales, Rebecca A. Mease, Eric Shea- Brown, and Adrienne L. FairhallChapter 61: Modeling Thalamocortical Oscillations: Mechanisms and Impact, Ryan Golden and Maxim BazhenovChapter 62: Control of Thalamocortical Signaling Through Spike Timing and Synchrony, Garrett B. StanleyChapter 63: How the LGN Forwards Retinal Information to the Cortex, Friedrich T. Sommer and Judith A. HirschChapter 64: Predictive Coding in Cortical and Corticothalamic Hierarchical Networks, Rajesh P. N. Rao, Linxing Preston Jiang, and Ares Fisher Section XII: Disease and PathophysiologySection Introduction: Anna S. MitchellChapter 65: Corticothalamic Network Abnormalities Underlying Absence Seizures, Nathalie Leresche and Vincenzo CrunelliChapter 66: Thalamic Dysconnectivity Across the Schizophrenia Illness Course and Psychosis Spectrum, Samantha V. Abram, Caleb M. Spiro, and Judith M. FordChapter 67: Thalamus, Thalamocortical Networks, and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease, John C. Dalrymple- Alford, Tim J. Anderson, and Tracy R. MelzerChapter 68: Thalamic Changes in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, Gonzalo Forno and Michael HornbergerChapter 69: Contribution of Thalamocortical Loops to the Development, Persistence, and Complications of Alcohol Use Disorder, Anne Lise Pitel and Shailendra SegobinChapter 70: Frontotemporal Dementia, Martina BocchettaChapter 71: Visuospatial and Motor Deficits Following Pulvinar Lesions, Melanie Wilke and Igor KaganChapter 72: Concluding Thoughts, W. Martin Usrey and S. Murray Sherman Index