The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions on Stolen or Illegally Transferred Cultural Property

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak is the UNESCO Chair in International Law and Cultural Heritage and Professor of Law at the University of Technology Sydney. Professor Vrdoljak is a Correspondent (Pacific region) and Member of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention Academic Project of International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). With Francesco Francioni, she is the editor of the Oxford Commentaries on International Cultural Heritage Law and the Cultural Heritage Law and Policy series. She is President of the International Cultural Property Society (U.S.) and Chair of the Management Committee, International Journal of Cultural Property (Cambridge University Press). Professor Vrdoljak is a consultant to multilateral organisations, governments, and civil society organisations on cultural heritage law, human rights law, and international law. She holds a Doctor of Philosophy (in Law) from the University of Sydney.Andrzej Jakubowski holds PhD in International Law (EUI, 2011) and MA in Art History (University of Warsaw, 2005). Affiliated with the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, he served as Chair of the ILA Committee on Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance (2017-2022). A member of the Pool of Arbitrators at the Court of Arbitration for Art (CAfA), he is also enlisted among the mediators and conciliators of the UNESCO Intergovernmental "Return and Restitution" Committee (ICPRCP). He has published extensively on issues related to cultural heritage law and cultural rights in International and European law.Alessandro Chechi (PhD European University Institute, LLM University College London) is Senior lecturer at the University of Geneva. He also teaches at the Université Catholique of Lille and at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. He serves as a member of the editorial boards of the Italian Yearbook of International Law and of the Santander Art and Culture Law Review, and is a member of the Société international pour la recherché sur le droit du patrimoine culturel et le droit de l'art (ISCHAL). He was consultant for the Council of Europe for the revision of the Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property, and is the author of the book 'The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes' (Oxford University Press, 2014).

• PART I - INTRODUCTIONAna Filipa Vrdoljak: IntroductionPART II - THE 1970 UNESCO CONVENTION: COMMENTARYAndrzej Jakubowski: The Preamble to the 1970 UNESCO ConventionJanet Blake: Article 1 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Definition of 'Cultural Property'Francesco Francioni: Article 2 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: PurposesMarcílio Toscano Franca: Article 3 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Definition of 'Illicit'Kerstin von der Decken: Article 4 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Cultural Property Forming Part of the Cultural Heritage of Each StateMarie Cornu: Article 5(a) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: National Laws and RegulationsSophie Vigneron: Article 5(b) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: National InventoriesToshiyuki Kono: Article 5(c) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Scientific and Technical InstitutionsZeynep Boz: Article 5(d) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: The Supervision of Archaeological ExcavationsManlio Frigo: Article 5(e) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: EthicsArie Afriansyah: Article 5(f) and 5(g) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Education and PublicityJorge Sánchez Cordero: Article 6 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Export ControlsTullio Scovazzi: Article 7(a) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Import Controls of Illegally Exported Cultural PropertyCharlotte Woodhead: Article 7(b)(i) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Prohibition of Import of Inventoried Cultural PropertyStephen K Urice and Gideon Levy: Article 7(b)(ii) of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Cooperation for the Return of Cultural PropertyStefano Manacorda and Arianna Visconti: Article 8 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Penalties or Administrative SanctionsPatty Gerstenblith and Wang Yunxia: Article 9 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: International Cooperation and Bilateral AgreementsJanet Ulph: Article 10 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: National Measures Related to Non-State ActorsJames A R Nafziger: Article 11 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Foreign OccupationClémentine Bories: Article 12 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: International Administration ClauseEvelien Campfens: Article 13 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Requirements of National LawsRobert Peters: Article 14 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: National Services and BudgetAfolasade A Adewumi, John Oluwole A Akintayo, and Andrzej Jakubowski: Article 15 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Agreements for Return or Restitution of Cultural Property Removed Prior to 1972Kristin Hausler: Article 16 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Periodic ReportingAndrzej Jakubowski and Alessandro Chechi: Article 17 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: The Roles of UNESCOLucas Lixinski: Article 22 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Territorial ApplicationMalgosia Fitzmaurice and Agnes Rydberg: Articles 18-21, 23-26 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention: Final ClausesAndrzej Jakubowski: Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to Its Countries of Origin or Its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation (ICPRCP)Ana Filipa Vrdoljak: The 1970 UNESCO Convention: Governance and OversightPART III-THE 1995 UNIDROIT CONVENTION: COMMENTARYAlessandro Chechi: The Preamble to the 1995 UNIDROIT ConventionElina Moustaira: Article 1 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Claims of an International CharacterJanet Blake: Article 2 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Definition of 'Cultural Objects'Alicja Jagielska-Burduk and Derek Fincham: Article 3 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Claims for Restitution of Stolen Cultural ObjectsChrista Roodt: Article 4 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Possessor's Rights and Claims for Restitution of Cultural ObjectsAlessandro Chechi and Keun-Gwan Lee: Article 5 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Claims for Illegally Exported Cultural ObjectsBert Demarsin: Article 6 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Possessor's Rights and Claims for Return of Cultural ObjectsMatthias Weller: Article 7(1) of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Exclusionary ClauseKristopher Wilson: Article 7(2) of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Indigenous Restitution ClaimsTamás Szabados: Article 8 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Choice of ForumKurt Siehr: Article 9 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Applicable LawCraig Forrest: Article 10 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Transitional ClauseRiccardo Pavoni: Article 13 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Existing and Subsequent Treaty ObligationsElena Rodríguez-Pineau: Article 14 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Federal or Non-Unitary Constitutional SystemsWojciech Wiktor Kowalski: Article 16 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Procedures for Submission of Claims and RequestsSebastián Green Martínez: Articles 11, 12, 15, 17-21 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: Final ClausesPART IV-THE 1970 UNESCO AND 1995 UNIDROIT CONVENTIONS RELATIONS WITH OTHER TREATIESKevin Chamberlain and Laura Pineschi: The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions and the 1954 Hague Convention and Its ProtocolsAmy Strecker: The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions and the 1972 World Heritage ConventionPatrizia Vigni: The 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions, UNCLOS and the 2001 Underwater Cultural Heritage ConventionFederico Lenzerini: The 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions and the 2003 UNESCO Intangible Heritage ConventionMira Burri: The 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions, the 2005 Convention on Cultural Diversity and International Trade LawPART V-CONCLUSIONSAna Filipa Vrdoljak: Conclusion: Looking Forward on the Trade in Cultural Objects