Systematics and the Origin of Species

In December 2004, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a colloquiumon "Systematics and the Origin of Species" to celebrate Ernst Mayr's100th anniversary and to explore current knowledge concerning the originof species. In 1942, Ernst Mayr, one of the twentieth century's greatestscientists, published Systematics and the Origin of Species, a seminal book ofthe modern theory of evolution, where he advanced the significance of populationvariation in the understanding of evolutionary process and the originof new species. Mayr formulated the transition from Linnaeus's static speciesconcept to the dynamic species concept of the modern theory of evolutionand emphasized the species as a community of populations, the role ofreproductive isolation, and the ecological interactions between species.In addition to a preceding essay by Edward O. Wilson, this book includesthe 16 papers presented by distinguished evolutionists at the colloquium.The papers are organized into sections covering the origins of species barriers,the processes of species divergence, the nature of species, the meaningof "species," and genomic approaches for understanding diversity and speciation.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introductory Essay: Systematics and the Future of Biology--EDWARD O. WILSONPart I--THE ORIGINS OF SPECIES BARRIERS: 2 The Genetic Basis of Reproductive Isolation: Insights from Drosophila--H. ALLEN ORR3 Inter-Locus Antagonistic Coevolution as an Engine of Speciation: Assessment with Hemiclonal Analysis--WILLIAM R. RICE, JODELL E. LINDER, URBAN FRIBERG, TIMOTHY A. LEW, EDWARD H. MORROW, AND ANDREW D. STEWART4 Chromosome Speciation: Humans, Drosophila, and Mosquitoes--FRANCISCO J. AYALA AND MARIO COLUZZI5 Developmental Plasticity and the Origin of Species Differences--MARY JANE WEST-EBERHARDPart II--DISCERNING RECENT DIVERGENCE: 6 Speciation in Birds: Genes, Geography, and Sexual Selection--SCOTT V. EDWARDS, SARAH B. KINGAN, JENNIFER D. CALKINS, CHRISTOPHER N. BALAKRISHNAN, W. BRYAN JENNINGS, WILLIE J. SWANSON, AND MICHAEL D. SORENSON7 Critical Review of Host Specificity and Its Coevolutionary Implications in the Fig/Fig-Wasp Mutualism--CARLOS A. MACHADO, NANCY ROBBINS, M. THOMAS P. GILBERT, AND EDWARD ALLEN HERRE8 Evolutionary Animation: How Do Molecular Phylogenies Compare to Mayr’s Reconstruction of Speciation Patterns in the Sea?--STEPHEN R. PALUMBI AND H. A. LESSIOS9 Mayr, Dobzhansky, and Bush and the Complexities of Sympatric Speciation in Rhagoletis--JEFFREY L. FEDER, XIANFA XIE, JUAN RULL, SEBASTIAN VELEZ, ANDREW FORBES, BRIAN LEUNG, HATTIE DAMBROSKI, KENNETH E. FILCHAK, AND MARTIN ALUJA10 On the Origin of Lake Malawi Cichlid Species: A Population Genetic Analysis of Divergence--YONG-JIN WON, ARJUN SIVASUNDAR, YONG WANG, AND JODY HEYPart III--THE NATURE OF SPECIES AND THE MEANING OF ‘‘SPECIES’’: 11 A Multidimensional Approach for Detecting Species Patterns in Malagasy Vertebrates--ANNE D. YODER, LINK E. OLSON, CAROL HANLEY, KELLIE L. HECKMAN, RODIN RASOLOARISON, AMY L. RUSSELL, JULIE RANIVO, VOAHANGY SOARIMALALA, K. PRAVEEN KARANTH, ACH12 Examining Bacterial Species Under the Specter of Gene Transfer and Exchange--HOWARD OCHMAN, EMMANUELLE LERAT, AND VINCENT DAUBIN13 Ernst Mayr and the Modern Concept of Species--KEVIN DE QUEIROZPart IV--GENOMIC APPROACHES AND NEW INSIGHTS ON DIVERSITY: 14 Decoding the Genomic Tree of Life--ANNE B. SIMONSON, JACQUELINE A. SERVIN, RYAN G. SKOPHAMMER, CRAIG W. HERBOLD, MARIA C. RIVERA, AND JAMES A. LAKE15 Prospects for Identifying Functional Variation Across the Genome--STUART J. MACDONALD AND ANTHONY D. LONG16 Genetics and Genomics of Drosophila Mating Behavior--TRUDY F. C. MACKAY, STEFANIE L. HEINSOHN, RICHARD F. LYMAN, AMANDA J. MOEHRING, THEODORE J. MORGAN, AND STEPHANIE M. ROLLMANN17 Genomes, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Systems Biology--MÓNICA MEDINAIndex