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Simple Forms is a study of popular or folk literature in the medieval period. Focusing both on the vast body of oral literature that lies behind the written texts which have survived from the medieval period and on the popular literature provided by literate authors for audiences of hearers or readers with varying degrees of literacy, Douglas Gray leads new readers to a productively complicated understanding of the relationship between medieval popular culture and the culture of the learned. He argues that medieval society was stratified, in what seems to us a rigid way, but that culturally it was more flexible. Literary topics, themes, and forms moved; there was much borrowing, and a constant interaction. Popular tales, motifs, and ideas passed into learned or courtly works; learned forms and attitudes made their way in into popular culture. All in all this seems to have been a fruitful symbiosis. The book's twelve chapters are principally organised genre, covering epics, ballads, popular romances, folktales, the German sage, legends, animal tales and fables, proverbs, riddles, satires, songs, and drama.
Douglas Gray is J. R. R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language Emeritus at the University of Oxford.
Preface ; 1. Folk Literature? Popular Literature? Questions and Problems ; 2. Notes on Popular Culture ; 3. The Ocean of Story: Narrative Forms-Myth; Epic and Heroic Lay ; 4. Ballads ; 5. Popular Romances ; 6. Folktale; Folktale into Art ; 7. Sage; Tale; Legend ; 8. 'Merry Tale'; Animal Tale and Fable ; 9. Proverb ; 10. Riddle ; 11. Satire ; 12. Songs and Drama
This book distils the fruits of a capaciously stocked mind over a lifetime's reading ... the width and depth of his intellectual curiosity is evidently as keen as ever. Gray has produced valuable anthologies of medieval English literature and this book reflects his grasp of the apposite allusion, the illuminating quotation.
Malcolm Godden, Douglas Gray, Terry Hoad, University of Oxford) Godden, Malcolm (Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Oxford) Gray, Douglas (Tolkien Professor of Medieval English, Tolkien Professor of Medieval English, Oxford) Hoad, Terry (Fellow, Fellow, St Peter's College, Terry F. Hoad
J. A. W. Bennett, University of Cambridge) Bennett, J. A. W. (late Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English, late Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English, J. a. Bennett, Jack A. Bennett, J. A. Bennett, Douglas Gray, University of Oxford) Gray, Douglas (J. R. R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language, J. R. R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language
Bryan Borzykowski, Andrew Bell, Matthew Elder, Andrew Dagys, Paul Mladjenovic, Michael Griffis, Lita Epstein, Stephanie Bedard-Chateauneuf, Ann C. Logue, Douglas Gray, Peter Mitham, Ann C Logue