Gretchen Schultz is a professor in the Department of French Studies at Brown University.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgementsPrefaceIntroduction: Backstories1. The Poetics of Lesbian Identification2. Tribades for Sale: Popular Fiction and Backroom Books3. Dystopian Sapphism: Anti-Feminism, Class Warfare, and the Elite Novel at the Fin du SiÈcle4. Scientia sapphica5. Intertexts and Afterlives: From the French Canon to US Pulp FictionWorks Cited Index

‘Wide-ranging, deeply researched, beautifully expressed study of both elite and popular culture…. Highly recommended.’- A.M. Rea (Choice vol 52:10:2015) “Gretchen Schultz presents a unique and novel perspective on an important topic. The final chapter is a tour de force of literary history and criticism.”- Melanie C. Hawthorne, Department of European and Classical Languages and Cultures, Texas A&M University “A significant scholarly achievement. Readers whose primary interest is in cultural or intellectual history have a lot to gain from this research.”- Peter Cryle, Emeritus Professor, Centre for the History of European Discourses, University of Queensland ‘The scholars of 19th- century France will recognize this wide ranging, deeply researched, beautifully expressed study of both elite and popular culture as a major contribution… Highly recommended.’- A.M. Rea (Choice Magazine vol 52:10:2015) ‘Schultz succeeds brilliantly in bringing nineteenth-century French culture, social concerns and gender politics vividly to life.’- Brian Dempsey (The James Morgan Brown review Autumn 2016) ‘One of the amazing "take always" of this ambitious study is the uncovering of the enormous intertextual debt of the American lesbian pulp movement to the French "Sapphic fathers."- Carol Mossman (The French Review, vol 90:01:2016)