Rattlesnakes

Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind, Abridged edition

Häftad, Engelska, 1984

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This virtual encyclopedia of the rattlesnake became a natural history sensation when it was first published in 1956. The republication of the Second Edition, with a new foreword by Harry W. Greene, will give amateur and professional herpetologists alike reason to rejoice.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1984-02-23
Mått228 x 150 x 24 mm
Vikt480 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor400
Upplaga2
FörlagUniversity of California Press
ISBN9780520040397

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Publisher's ForewordAbridger's NoteIntroductionPurposeSources of Information1. StatusClassification and NomenclatureA List of Rattlesnake Species and SubspeciesVenomous Snakes in the United States Other than RattlesnakesConfusion Regarding RattlesnakesDistinguishing Venomous from Harmless SnakesThe Use of Common Names2. MorphologyLengthBody ProportionsBulkHead and Tail DimensionsSquamationColor and PatternFreaks and AberrantsTwo-Headed SnakesDefective YoungAlbinismMelanismHybrids3. The RattleFunction and UtilizationThe Function of the RattleConditions of UseRattle NomenclatureThe Character of the SoundMethod of Vibration and the Production of SoundSpeed of VibrationFormation and LengthChronology of Rattle FormationRattle-String Length4. Bodily FunctionsLife Persistence and FrailtyLongevitySkin SheddingThe Shedding OperationEffect of Shedding on SightWater Requirements during SheddingThe Season of SheddingShedding FrequencyLocomotionHorizontal Undulatory ProgressionRectilinear ProgressionSidewindingConcertina ProgressionRattlesnake SpeedMisunderstood Features of CrawlingSnake-TracksSensesSight and the EyeHearingThe Tongue and Sense of SmellThe Facial PitsTouchDistant DetectionAggregation and Sex RecognitionIntelligence5.BehaviorPhysiological Temperature LimitationsMaximum Temperature LimitsMinimum Temperature LimitsOptimum Temperature RangeTemporal Variations in HabitsSeasonal Variations in ActivityEffects of Reproductive Cycle on Seasonal ActivityDenning Dates and the Risk of ImmobilityRattlesnakes as Weather IndicatorsSummer Migrations and EstivationEffects of HumidityDiurnal Variations in ActivityThe Basking RangeOther Temperature-Control ExpedientsDefensive and Warning BehaviorDisposition and TemperamentProtective Coloration and ConcealmentFlightDefensive AttacksWarning MechanismsMythical Defensive ActionsDistinguishing the Resting from the Striking CoilThe StrikeClimbing ProclivitiesSwimming AbilityHow the Rattles are HeldActions in the WaterTales of Swimming RattlesnakesDanger from Swimming Rattlesnakes6. Populations and EcologyThe Importance of Ecological FactorsRangesRange LimitsAltitudinal RangeIsland HabitatsPopulation FactorsPopulation DensitiesEffect of Dens on Population EstimatesRarity of Particular SpeciesPopulation TrendsProportion of Rattlesnakes in Snake PopulationsComposite PopulationsHibernating Dens and Their UsesPhysical Character of DensDen PopulationsPersistence of DensSpacing of DensLife at the DensAnimals that Hibernate with RattlesnakesAggregation and DispersalAdvantages of AggregationSummer Ranges and TerritorialityAccidental Dispersal. Migration7. FoodKinds of FoodMammalsBirds and EggsReptilesAmphibians and FishesArthropodsVegetable and Mineral FoodsMethods of Securing PreyVariability in the Effect of a BiteDifferences in Dealing with PreyConstrictionMethod of SwallowingDisgorging PreyFatal MealsReactions of PreyFood RequirementsFrequency of FeedingMultiple MealsWater RequirementsFeeding Rattlesnakes in CaptivityEffects of Conditions of CaptivityDead FoodMethods of FeedingFrequency of FeedingSeasonal EffectsIndividual and Species DifferencesReactions of PreyLong Fasts8. ReproductionSexual CharacteristicsMethods of Determining Sex- Tail-Length DifferencesMale OrgansSexual ActivitiesBirthTraveling in PairsThe Male Combat "Dance"Courtship and Mating PatternYoung RattlesnakesCongenital DefectsYoung per BroodMaternal Protection and AssociationActivities9. Poison ApparatusThe Biting MechanismVenomManual Venom ExtractionToxicityVenom Utilization10.The Bite and Its EffectsThe Nature of the BiteBite or StahlBite PatternsActions after a StrikeThe Snake-Bite HazardSnake Bite StatisticsFatalities from Rattlesnake Bite in the United StatesProportion of Rattlesnake Cases Ending FatallyVariable Factors in Snake-Bite CasesIllegitimate BitesTemporal Variables in Snake-Bite CasesSeasonal and Climatic Effects on theGravity of Snake BiteSymptoms and AftereffectsDiscussion of Symptoms by CategoriesSymptomatic Case Reports by SpeciesCase DurationCauses of FatalitiesThe Symptoms of Crotalus durissus BiteInfection in Rattlesnake BitePermanent AftereffectsEffect of Venom on the Eyes and Other OrgansThe Recurrence of Snake-Bite SymptomsSusceptibility, Resistance, and Immunityto Rattlesnake VenomImmunity to Snake Bite in ManSusceptibility of Domestic AnimalsImmunity in Mammals That Prey on SnakesSusceptibhility of ReptilesEffect of Rattlesnake Venom on Plants11.Treatment and Prevention of the BiteThe Treatments Proposed: Their History and Present StatusScarification, Incision, and SuctionExcision or AmputationCauterizationThe Tourniquet, Ligature, or Constriction Bandfreezing and Cold PacksCures Derived from the SnakeThe Split-Chicken TreatmentMilkMiscellaneous Animal ProductsBotanical Cures and Vegetable ProductsOil and FatsKeroseneInorganic ChemicalsMud or Earth ApplicationsSnake StonesNarcotics and StimulantsEmetics and PurgativesSome New DrugsVeterinary TreatmentsAntiveninPreparation of AntiveninSpecificity of AntiveninsUse of AntiveninRecommended Treatment for Rattlesnake BiteThe Prevention of Rattlesnake BiteHow People Get Bitten; Example IncidentsLessons to Be LearnedThe Rattlesnake in the BlanketsHow Illegitimate Bites HappenMultiple BitesHuman Attitudes toward RattlesnakesSnake-Handling CultsMurder, Suicide, and WarProtective DevicesThe Human fear of SnakesThe Effect of the Rattlesnake Threat on People's ActionsRattlesnakes and Domestic AnimalsAnimal Fears of SnakesStock Losses from Rattlesnake BiteSymptoms of Rattlesnake Bite in AnimalsRattlesnakes and Dogs, Coyotes, and Small Animals12. Control and UtilizationMethods of ControlCampaigns for Killing at DensTrapsFencesGases and PoisonsEncouragement of Competitive Predators and EnemiesElimination of Food Supply and Cover 237BountiesFiresTraffic CasualtiesMethods of Catching RattlesnakesTools and EquipmentCollections of Preserved SnakesShipping RattlesnakesCommercial Utilization of Rattlesnakesand Their By-ProductsThe Live-Snake MarketSnake Shows 2VenomRattlesnake Oil and FatRattlesnake Flesh as FoodSkin ProductsMiscellaneous ProductsPhotographing Rattlesnakes13.Enemies of RattlesnakesMammal EnemiesBird EnemiesReptile and Amphibian EnemiesKing SnakesOther SnakesMiscellaneous Reptiles and AmphibiansMiscellaneous EnemiesParasites and Diseases14. Indians and RattlesnakesReligion, Superstition, and FolkloreRattlesnake Protection and AppeasementLegends and TalesMiscellaneous Superstitions and BeliefsDreamsProtective MeasuresRepellents, Charms, and TaboosImmunizationSocieties and CeremoniesDances and ExhibitionsThe Hopi Snake DanceSnake-Bite TreatmentPlant RemediesRemedies Derived from the SnakeSuction and Surgical TreatmentsMiscellaneous CuresRattlesnake Shamans and Ceremonial CuresCeremonial DetailsTribal Protection from Snake BiteHandling RattlesnakesShamanistic MagicShamanistic FeesShamanistic TaboosEvil Shamans and PoisonersMiscellaneous Indian-Rattlesnake RelationshipsRattlesnakes as a Cause and Cure of DiseaseWar Uses, Arrow PoisoningArt and OrnamentationIndian Field Knowledge of RattlersRattlesnakes as Food15. Post-Columbian Knowledge of Rattlesnakes16. Myths, Folklore, and Tall StoriesMyths of Venom and Snake BiteTemporary Removal of Venom GlandsEffect of Death on Venom VirulenceEffects of Biting on the BiterVenom Transmitted through Mother's MilkPreferences in BitingTransfer of Venom to Another AnimalStrange Venom EffectsHow Rattlesnakes Catch and Eat Their PreyCharming PreyLicking PreyMythical FoodsFolklore Remedies Derived from RattlesnakesProtective Methods and DevicesThe Protective Hair RopeThe Infallible ShotRepellents and AmuletsMythical CreaturesGiant RattlesnakesHairy RattlesnakesRattlesnake- Bull-Snake HybridsQueer Actions and AttributesRattlesnake OdorRattle MythsSome Traditional StoriesRattler Encounters with Other CreaturesRattlesnake PilotThe Vengeful MateSwallowing Young for Their ProtectionMother Nourishing YoungThe Fatal BootThe Roadrunner's Cactus CorralThe Cabin Built on a DenThe Rattler and the Wagon WheelThe Child Feeds a RattlesnakeThe Thankful RattlesnakesThe Deep FreezeTribal HeroesMiscellaneous Beliefs and FolkloreIncipient MythsDreamsSuperstitions about Meeting RattlersRattlesnakes and WeatherMiscellaneous Myths, Legends, and StoriesConclusionBibliographyIndex