Robert Kłosowicz, Professor at the Institute of Political Science andInternational Relations at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków,Director of the Jagiellonian Research Center for African Studies. Hisresearch interests focus on relations between diplomacy and thearmed forces, international security and military conflicts in SubSaharan Africa, dysfunctional and de facto states.Joanna Mormul, Ph.D., Assistant Professor at the Institute of PoliticalScience and International Relations of the Jagiellonian University inKraków, Secretary of the Jagiellonian Research Center for AfricanStudies. Her research concerns dysfunctional states, socio-politicaltransformations in post-conflict societies, regional separatisms inAfrica.

• Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: Introduction – Robert Kłosowicz: Fragmentation, Autonomy, and Secession in Africa on theExample of De Facto, Puppet and Autonomous States – Robert Kłosowicz/Agnieszka Czubik: Controversy Over the International Subjectivity of De FactoStates – Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: International Relations of De Facto States – Joanna Mormul: The Foreign Policy of a De Facto State – the Sahrawi ArabDemocratic Republic and Its Diplomatic Struggle – Joanna Mormul: The Population of a De Facto State – the Case of the SahrawiPeople in the Protracted Refugee Situation – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: The Issue of Western Sahara in the International Relations ofStates Bordering on Its Territory - Morocco, Algeria, and Mauritania – Robert Kłosowicz/Ewa Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka: North African States Not Bordering Western Sahara in theFace of the Problem of Its Independence – Robert Kłosowicz: The Problem of De Facto States in Africa from the HistoricalPerspective. The Case of Katanga – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: The International Relations of Somaliland – Robert Kłosowicz: Cooperation of Unrecognised States in InternationalRelations on the Example of the Republic of Somaliland and the Republic of China (Taiwan). A Model for an Unofficial Approach to Diplomacy – Robert Kłosowicz/Edyta Chwiej: Proto-state as a Consequence of Unfinished Decolonisation.The Case of Azawad and West Papua – Robert Kłosowicz, Joanna Mormul: Conclusions

Robert Kłosowicz, Professor at the Institute of Political Science andInternational Relations at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków,Director of the Jagiellonian Research Center for African Studies. Hisresearch interests focus on relations between diplomacy and thearmed forces, international security and military conflicts in SubSaharan Africa, dysfunctional and de facto states.Joanna Mormul, Ph.D., Assistant Professor at the Institute of PoliticalScience and International Relations of the Jagiellonian University inKraków, Secretary of the Jagiellonian Research Center for AfricanStudies. Her research concerns dysfunctional states, socio-politicaltransformations in post-conflict societies, regional separatisms inAfrica.

• Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: Introduction – Robert Kłosowicz: Fragmentation, Autonomy, and Secession in Africa on theExample of De Facto, Puppet and Autonomous States – Robert Kłosowicz/Agnieszka Czubik: Controversy Over the International Subjectivity of De FactoStates – Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: International Relations of De Facto States – Joanna Mormul: The Foreign Policy of a De Facto State – the Sahrawi ArabDemocratic Republic and Its Diplomatic Struggle – Joanna Mormul: The Population of a De Facto State – the Case of the SahrawiPeople in the Protracted Refugee Situation – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: The Issue of Western Sahara in the International Relations ofStates Bordering on Its Territory - Morocco, Algeria, and Mauritania – Robert Kłosowicz/Ewa Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka: North African States Not Bordering Western Sahara in theFace of the Problem of Its Independence – Robert Kłosowicz: The Problem of De Facto States in Africa from the HistoricalPerspective. The Case of Katanga – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: The International Relations of Somaliland – Robert Kłosowicz: Cooperation of Unrecognised States in InternationalRelations on the Example of the Republic of Somaliland and the Republic of China (Taiwan). A Model for an Unofficial Approach to Diplomacy – Robert Kłosowicz/Edyta Chwiej: Proto-state as a Consequence of Unfinished Decolonisation.The Case of Azawad and West Papua – Robert Kłosowicz, Joanna Mormul: Conclusions

Robert Kłosowicz, Professor at the Institute of Political Science andInternational Relations at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków,Director of the Jagiellonian Research Center for African Studies. Hisresearch interests focus on relations between diplomacy and thearmed forces, international security and military conflicts in SubSaharan Africa, dysfunctional and de facto states.Joanna Mormul, Ph.D., Assistant Professor at the Institute of PoliticalScience and International Relations of the Jagiellonian University inKraków, Secretary of the Jagiellonian Research Center for AfricanStudies. Her research concerns dysfunctional states, socio-politicaltransformations in post-conflict societies, regional separatisms inAfrica.

• Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: Introduction – Robert Kłosowicz: Fragmentation, Autonomy, and Secession in Africa on theExample of De Facto, Puppet and Autonomous States – Robert Kłosowicz/Agnieszka Czubik: Controversy Over the International Subjectivity of De FactoStates – Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: International Relations of De Facto States – Joanna Mormul: The Foreign Policy of a De Facto State – the Sahrawi ArabDemocratic Republic and Its Diplomatic Struggle – Joanna Mormul: The Population of a De Facto State – the Case of the SahrawiPeople in the Protracted Refugee Situation – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul: The Issue of Western Sahara in the International Relations ofStates Bordering on Its Territory - Morocco, Algeria, and Mauritania – Robert Kłosowicz/Ewa Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka: North African States Not Bordering Western Sahara in theFace of the Problem of Its Independence – Robert Kłosowicz: The Problem of De Facto States in Africa from the HistoricalPerspective. The Case of Katanga – Robert Kłosowicz/Joanna Mormul/Kateřina Ženková Rudincová: The International Relations of Somaliland – Robert Kłosowicz: Cooperation of Unrecognised States in InternationalRelations on the Example of the Republic of Somaliland and the Republic of China (Taiwan). A Model for an Unofficial Approach to Diplomacy – Robert Kłosowicz/Edyta Chwiej: Proto-state as a Consequence of Unfinished Decolonisation.The Case of Azawad and West Papua – Robert Kłosowicz, Joanna Mormul: Conclusions