Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy

Harikrishnan S MD DM FRCP FACCProfessor in Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

• SECTION 1: INTRODUCTIONPreludeRheumatic Heart Disease—An Epidemiological MysteryAnatomy of the Mitral ValvePathological Aspects of Rheumatic Mitral StenosisPathophysiology, Natural History and Hemodynamics of Mitral Stenosis SECTION 2: EVALUATION PRIOR TO PERCUTANEOUS MITRAL VALVOTOMYMitral Stenosis— Evaluation and Medical ManagementPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy—Indications, Contraindications and MechanismStress Testing Prior to Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyElectrocardiogram in Mitral StenosisRadiological Evaluation in Mitral StenosisBalloon Mitral Valvotomy—Role of EchocardiographyThree-dimensional Echocardiography in PMV: The Latest ToolSubvalvular Apparatus in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis— Methods of Assessment and Therapeutic ImplicationsAtrial Function in Mitral Stenosis—Effect of Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty SECTION 3: PMV—PROCEDURE, TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PERIPROCEDURAL MONITORINGTransseptal PunctureUse of Safe-Sept Guidewire in Transseptal AccessPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy—ProcedurePeriprocedural Monitoring during PMVAnesthetic Management during Percutaneous Mitral ValvuloplastyIntracardiac Echocardiography Imaging in Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty SECTION 4: PMV—TECHNIQUES AND GADGETSDifferent Techniques and Devices for Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty—IntroductionThe Single Balloon Mitral Valvotomy CathetersDouble Balloon TechniqueMitral Valvotomy by Metallic CommissurotomeJOMIVA BalloonOther Gadgets for Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyPercutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty—Comparative Analysis of Different GadgetsReuse and Resterilization of PMV Hardware SECTION 5: COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING PMVDevice-related Complications during Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyComplications of Transseptal Puncture and ManagementNeurological Complications Related to Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyThromboembolic Complications during Balloon Mitral ValvotomyArrhythmias and Its Management during Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyDeflation Failure of Mitral Valvuloplasty BalloonEmergency Surgery after Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyTroubleshooting of Single Balloon Catheters—Inoue and Accura Balloons SECTION 6: PMV IN SPECIAL SITUATIONSPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in PregnancyPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in Juvenile Mitral StenosisTransjugular Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyPercutaneous Prosthetic Mitral Balloon ValvotomyTackling Subvalvular Disease during Balloon Mitral ValvotomyOver-the-Wire Techniques during PMVPMV Performed with other Percutaneous InterventionsBalloon Tricuspid Valvotomy along with PMVPMV in Patients with Atrial FibrillationPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in DextrocardiaBalloon Mitral Valvotomy—Left Femoral Vein Approach and in Venous AnomaliesRetrograde Nontransseptal Balloon Mitral ValvuloplastyPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in Technically Challenging SituationsLeft Atrial Appendage Occlusion and Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyPercutaneous Treatment of Lutembacher’s Syndrome: Balloon Mitral Valvotomy and Device Closure of Atrial Septal DefectPercutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in Mitral Restenosis SECTION 7: LONG-TERM OUTCOME FOLLOWING PMVLeft Atrial Thrombosis in Rheumatic Mitral StenosisComparison of Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy and Surgical Mitral CommissurotomyMitral Regurgitation Following Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyAtrial Septal Defects Following Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyPulmonary Hypertension in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis— Influence of Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomyLong-term Follow-up of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Mitral ValvotomySetting A New PMV Program