People's History of Portugal

Raquel Varela is a Portuguese labour historian, researcher, and professor at New University of Lisbon, and Honorary Fellow at the International Institute for Social History. She is President of the Observatory of Labour and Living Conditions and a member of the executive board of the International Association of Strikes and Social Conflicts and co-editor of its journal. She is the author of A People's History of the Portuguese Revolution, A People's History of Europe, and the graphic novel Utopia, with Robson Villalba.Roberto della Santa is a Brazilian professor, social scientist, and researcher — who worked in Higher Education Institutions of Argentina, Brazil, Spain and Sweden. An Integrated Researcher at the Global Studies Centre of the Universidade Aberta de Lisboa, an International Associate at the Social Theory and Work Research Group of the Universidade de Brasilia and the Scientific Co-Coordinator of the Observatory for Living and Working Conditions / Nova4TheGlobe Sustainability. He was an Invited Assistant Professor at the University of Aveiro, taught Media Studies at the Liceu Camões and is an Invited Professor at the Post-Graduate Program at Nova School of Law. He collaborates with the journal Workers of the World. He has co-authored Global Labour Studies, The 25 of April Began in Africa and, for the 50th anniversary of the Portuguese Revolution, with the Kairós Collective, he co-wrote a series of five historical documentaries on the World of Work for RTP2 public television.Michael Roberts has worked in the City of London for over 30 years as an economist and financial adviser. He is author of several books including The Great Recession, The Long Depression and Marx 200. He blogs at thenextrecession.wordpress.com.

• Foreword by Michael RobertsAcknowledgementsList of AbbreviationsIntroduction1. Portugal’s Modern Social Classes from Above and from Below, 1807–18342. 'Organize, Organize, Organize': The 1836 Revolution and the Strikes, 1836–18713. 'No More Obligations without Rights': The Confrontation between Bourgeoisie and Workers, 1871–18904. The Genesis of Modern Politics in Portugal, 1900–19265. From the Military Dictatorship to Estado Novo, 1926–19396. The Second World War and the Post-War Golden Age, 1939–19747. When the Impossible Becomes Inevitable, 1974–19758. Is Europe Really 'With Us'? From Constitution to Austerity, 1976–2020Afterword: Mapping Transformation by Gordon LaferNotesIndex

'Raquel Varela and Roberto della Santa narrate, with admirable clarity and power of synthesis, the great history of this small country. A history - as they show - full of extremes, marked by intense class conflicts, sometimes delayed, sometimes anticipatory (like the Carnation Revolution), always profoundly intertwined with the social and political events of Europe, Africa and the whole world'