Massive trauma at the hands of others threatens ethnic, national, religious, and ideological large-group identities. Accordingly, traumatized societies, and often those of their descendants, become involved in various societal/political processes in order to protect and maintain their identities. Some of these processes may engender serious resistances to peacebuilding or may even lead to new violence...There is no doubt in my mind that this important book will stimulate new ideas and strategies for dealing with traumatized societies and enrich the peacebuilding field.