Nutraceuticals and Human Blood Platelet Function

DR. ASIM K. DUTTAROY is Professor of Clinical Nutrition at the University of Oslo, Norway. He has been working in the human platelet field since 1985, and has conducted groundbreaking research on anti-platelet factors in fruits and vegetables. Dr. Duttaroy's writing has been featured in numerous scientific journals across the globe.

• 1 Human Blood Platelets and Their Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease 1Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Human Blood Platelets: Structure and Function 41.3 Platelet Activation Pathways 101.4 Platelets and Vessel Wall Interactions 121.5 Roles of Platelets in Atherosclerosis and Inflammatory Processes 131.6 Platelets and Their Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease 171.7 Conclusions 22References 222 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease 29Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 292.1 Introduction 292.2 Dietary Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease 322.3 Environmental Factors and Cardiovascular Disease 342.4 Genetic Basis of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence 352.5 Fruits and Vegetables Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction 372.6 Conclusions 40References 403 n‐3 Fatty Acids and Human Platelets 47Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 473.1 Introduction 473.2 Epidemiology of n‐3 Fatty Acids Intake and Cardiovascular Disease 513.3 n‐3 Fatty Acids and Platelet Function 523.4 Platelet Function and Eicosanoids 563.5 Clinical Trials with n‐3 Fatty Acids 593.6 Dietary Recommendation and Sources of n‐3 Fatty Acids 613.7 Conclusions 62References 624 Effects of Garlic, Onion, Ginger, and Turmeric on Platelet Function 69Abbreviations 694.1 Introduction 694.2 Effects of Garlic (Allium Sativum) on Platelet Function 714.3 Effects of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) on Platelet Function 744.4 Effects of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on Platelet Function 754.5 Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) on Platelets 764.6 Conclusions 78References 795 Herbs and Platelet Function 83Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 835.1 Introduction 835.2 In Vitro Platelet Aggregation Studies: Effects of Different Herb Extracts 875.2.1 Andrographis (Andrographis Paniculata) 895.2.2 Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) 905.2.3 Feverfew (Tanacetum Parthenium) 905.2.4 Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) 915.2.5 Hawthorn (Crataegus Oxyacantha) 925.2.6 Horse Chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum) 925.2.7 Motherwort (Leonurus Japonicus) 935.2.8 St John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum) 935.2.9 Willow Bark (Salix Alba) 945.3 Effects of Herbs on Signaling Molecules in Human Platelets 955.4 Conclusions 97References 986 Tomato Extract and Human Platelet Functions 101Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 1016.1 Introduction 1016.2 Epidemiology of Tomato Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction 1046.3 In Vitro Studies with Water‐Soluble Tomato Extract on Human Blood Platelet Aggregation 1056.4 Fruitflow®: Compositional and Structural Aspects 1116.5 Human Trials 1126.6 Comparing the Dietary Anti‐Platelet Fruitflow® with the Anti‐Platelet Drug Aspirin 1156.8 EFSA Approval of Fruitflow® 1176.8 Conclusions 117References 1187 Dietary Nitrates and Their Anti‐Platelet Effects 125Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 1257.1 Introduction 1257.2 Nitrate and Cardiovascular Health 1297.3 Effects of Nitrates on Human Blood Platelet Function In Vitro 1317.4 Clinical Studies with Dietary Nitrate: Effects on Ex Vivo Platelet Function 1337.5 Conclusions 134References 1358 Kiwifruit and Human Platelet Function 139Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 1398.1 Introduction 1398.2 Kiwifruit and Its Bioactive Phytochemicals 1408.3 Kiwifruits and Human Blood Platelet Function 1418.4 Human Trials Using Kiwifruit and Kiwifruit Extract 1478.5 Conclusions 150References 1519 Polyphenols and Human Platelets 155Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 1559.1 Introduction 1559.2 Polyphenols: Structure and Activity 1579.3 Sources of Polyphenols 1599.4 Dietary Intakes and Bioavailability of Polyphenols 1609.5 Roles of Polyphenols in Platelet Function 1619.6 Conclusions 167References 16810 Effects of Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, Green Tea, and Dark Chocolate on Human Blood Platelet Function 171Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 17110.1 Introduction 17110.2 Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Platelet Function 17210.3 Clinical Trial with EGB761 17510.4 Ginseng and Platelet Function 17710.5 Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and its Effects on Platelet Function 18110.6 Dark Chocolate and Platelet Function 18310.7 Conclusions 185References 18711 Plant Alkaloids and Platelet Function 191Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 19111.1 Introduction 19111.2 Alkaloids as Anti‐Platelet Agents 19311.3 Mechanism of Actions of Alkaloids 19711.4 Conclusions 198References 19912 Strawberries and Human Platelet Function 203Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 20312.1 Introduction 20312.2 Polyphenols in Strawberries 20412.3 Strawberry and its Cardio‐Protective Effects 20612.4 Anti‐Platelet Factors in Strawberry 20712.5 Discussion 209References 21113 Effects of Metal Ions on Platelet Function 215Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 21513.1 Introduction 21513.2 Zinc and Human Blood Platelet Function 21613.3 Calcium and its Regulation of Platelet Function 21813.4 Chromium and Platelet Function 22113.5 Iron (Fe) and Platelet Function 22113.6 Magnesium and Platelet Function 22213.7 Platelet Function and Selenium 22313.8 Conclusions 225References 22614 Individual Compounds with Anti‐Platelet ActivityIsolated from Plant Sources 231Abbreviations Used in This Chapter 23114.1 Introduction 23114.2 Effects of Taurine and Glycine on Human Platelets 23314.3 Anthocyanins and Human Platelets 23414.4 Coumarins and Their Anti‐Platelet Effects 23514.5 Atractylenolides and Their Anti‐Platelet Effects 23614.6 Flavonolignans and Blood Platelet Function 23814.7 Protocatechuic Acid on Human Platelet Aggregation 23814.8 KOK and Platelet Function 24014.9 Inhibitors of Platelet Granules Secretion 24114.10 Hydroxychavicol and Platelet Function 24314.11 Compounds Isolated from Guttiferae Species with Anti‐Platelet Activity 24314.12 Conclusions 244References 244Index 247