Nanoparticles and Catalysis

Didier Astruc is a full professor at the University Bordeaux 1, a member of the Institut Universitaire de France and the Academies Leopoldina, Europaea and European Academy of Science, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He studied in Rennes and carried out his post-doc at MIT with Nobel prize winner R. R. Schrock. His research fields span from inorganic materials to nanoreactors in catalysis and drug nanovectors. Professor Astruc is the author of "Electron Transfer and Radical Processes in Transition Metal Chemistry" (prefaced by Henry Taube, 1995), of the standard textbook "Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis" (2007) and of more than 300 research publications. He was awarded several prizes including the Humboldt, Iberdrola and Le Bel Prizes.

• Preface XVIIList of Contributors XIX1 Transition-metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis: From Historical Background to the State-of-the Art 1Didier Astruc1.1 Introduction 11.2 Historical Background 41.3 Polymers as NP Stabilizers 71.4 Dendrimers as NP Stabilizers 111.5 Ligand Stabilization of NPs 161.6 "Ligand-free" Heck Reactions using Low Pd-Loading 181.7 The Roles of Micelles, Microemulsions, Surfactants and Aerogels 201.8 Ionic Liquid Media for Catalysis by NPs 221.9 Oxide Supports for NP Catalysts 241.10 Carbon Supports for NP Catalysts 281.11 NPs of Noble Metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Their Oxides) in Catalysis 301.12 Gold Nanoparticle-based Catalysts 301.13 Environmental Problems: NOx Pollution and How to Remove NOx Using NP Catalysis 341.14 Hydrocarbon Reforming: Activation of Hydrocarbons by NP Catalysts 341.15 Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metal NPs 361.16 Application and Perspectives in Organic Chemistry 361.17 Conclusion 372 Colloidal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Surfactants or Organo-Aluminum Derivatives: Preparation and Use as Catalyst Precursors 49Helmut Bönnemann, Kyatanahalli S. Nagabhushana, and Ryan M. Richards2.1 Background 492.2 General Introduction 502.3 Synthetic Methodologies 552.4 Applications in Catalysis 662.5 Miscellaneous Applications and Future Outlook 833 Nanoparticulate Catalysts Based on Nanostructured Polymers 93Lyudmila M. Bronstein, Valentina G. Matveeva, and Esther M. Sulman3.1 Introduction 933.2 Catalytic Nanoparticles in a Nanostructured Environment 963.3 Conclusions and Outlook 1234 PAMAM Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticle Catalysts 129Bert D. Chandler and John D. Gilbertson4.1 Introduction and Background 1294.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer Encapsulated Nanoparticles 1324.3 Homogeneous Catalysis 1394.4 Supported Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticles 1424.5 Summary, Outlook, and Links Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis 1565 Aerogel Supported Nanoparticles in Catalysis 161Adelina Vallribera and Elies Molins5.1 Introduction 1615.2 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in Gaseous Media 1665.3 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in Liquid Media 1736 Transition-metal Nanoparticle Catalysis in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids 195Jairton Dupont and Dagoberto de Oliveira Silva6.1 Introduction 1956.2 Ionic Liquids: Structural Aspects 1966.3 Formation of Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids 1986.4 Stabilization of the Metal Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids 2026.5 Catalytic Properties of Transition-metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids 2086.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 2137 Carbon and Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Containing Catalysts 219Cuong Pham-Huu, Ovidiu Ersen, and Marc-Jacques Ledoux7.1 Introduction 2197.2 Carbon and SiC Nanotubes/Nanofibers 2217.3 One-dimensional Conductive Materials for Catalysis 2357.4 Conclusion 2477.5 Outlook 2498 Size-selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal and Metal Oxide Colloids and Their Use as Catalysts 253Manfred T. Reetz8.1 Introduction 2538.2 Size- and Shape-selective Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles in the Zerovalent Form 2548.3 Preparation and Application of Aqueous Colloids of Metal Oxide and Multimetal Oxide Nanoparticles 2648.4 Conclusion 2729 Multimetallic Nanoparticles Prepared by Redox Processes Applied in Catalysis 279Florence Epron, Catherine Especel, Gwendoline Lafaye, and Patrice Marécot9.1 Introduction 2799.2 General Aspects 2799.3 Practical Aspects 2839.4 Applications in the Synthesis of Organic Chemicals 2929.5 Applications in Environmental Catalysis 2969.6 Applications in Catalysis for Energy 2979.7 Conclusion 30010 The Role of Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions 303Laurent Djakovitch, Klaus Köhler, and Johannes G. de Vries10.1 Introduction 30310.2 Stable Palladium Colloids and Nanoparticles 30310.3 Ligand-free Palladium Catalysts 31610.4 Palladacycles, Pincers and Other Palladium Complexes as Precursors of Palladium Nanoclusters 32310.5 Palladium Supported on Solids as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions 32710.6 Conclusions 34211 Rhodium and Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Catalysis 349Alain Roucoux, Audrey Nowicki, and Karine Philippot11.1 Introduction 34911.2 Generalities on the Synthesis and the Stabilization Modes of Nanoparticles 35011.3 Rh and Ru Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions 35111.4 Catalytic Formation of C−C Bonds 37711.5 Other Reactions 38211.6 Conclusion 38412 Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Oxidation Catalysts 389Avelino Corma and Hermenegildo Garcia12.1 Introduction 38912.2 Nanoparticles and Their Properties 39012.3 Influence of the Support on the Catalytic Activity of Supported Gold Nanoparticles 40112.4 Sustainability and Green Chemistry 40412.5 Alcohol Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 40612.6 Related Precedents to the Use of Gold Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols 40812.7 Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanoparticles 40912.8 Gold vs. Palladium Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols 41212.9 Reaction Mechanism of Gold-catalyzed Alcohol Oxidations 41512.10 Influence of the Solvent on Aerobic Oxidation 41912.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects 42113 Gold Nanoparticles-catalyzed Oxidations in Organic Chemistry 427Cristina Della Pina, Ermelinda Falletta, and Michele Rossi13.1 Introduction 42713.2 Catalyst Preparation 42713.3 Size-dependent Properties of Gold 42813.4 Oxidation Mechanism 43513.5 Gold Catalysis for Selective Oxidation 43813.6 Liquid Phase Oxidation of the Alcoholic Group 44013.7 Oxidation of Aldehydes 44713.8 Oxidation of Glucose 44813.9 Perspective for Gold Catalysis in Liquid Phase Oxidation 45213.10 Conclusions 45314 Au NP-catalysed Propene Epoxidation by Dioxygen and Dihydrogen 457Jun Kawahara and Masatake Haruta14.1 Introduction 45714.2 Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Tests 45914.3 Au/TiO2 46214.4 Au/Ti-SiO2 46614.5 Conclusions 47115 Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in CO Oxidation 475Catherine Louis15.1 Introduction 47515.2 Preparation of Supported Gold Catalysts 47815.3 Main Parameters Influencing the Catalytic Behavior of Gold Supported on Metal Oxides in CO Oxidation 47915.4 Properties of Gold Nanoparticles (Free or Supported) 48315.5 Overview of the Mechanisms of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 48715.6 Contribution of Quantum Chemical Calculation and Surface Science to the Understanding of CO Oxidation 49115.7 Concluding Remarks: Attempt to Rationalise the Results on CO Oxidation 49716 NO Heterogeneous Catalysis Viewed from the Angle of Nanoparticles 505Frédéric Thibault-Starzyk, Marco Daturi, Philippe Bazin, and Olivier Marie16.1 Introduction 50516.2 The Chemistry of deNOx Catalysis 50716.3 The Metal Center 50916.4 Metals in Zeolites 51016.5 Three-way Catalysis 51416.6 New Nanocatalytic Materials 52316.7 Conclusion 52517 Hydrocarbon Catalytic Reactivity of Supported Nanometallic Particles 529François Garin and Pierre Légaré17.1 Catalytic Alkane Reforming on Nanometallic Particles 52917.2 Electronic Structure of Metal Nanoparticles 54217.3 General Discussion 54818 Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metal: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Catalysis 553Katrin Pelzer, Jean-Pierre Candy, Gregory Godard, and Jean-Marie Basset18.1 Introduction 55318.2 Supported Bimetallic Nanoparticles 55718.3 Unsupported Bimetallic Particles 57718.4 Some Applications of Supported Nanoparticles Modified by Organometallics 59018.5 Application of Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metals to the Removal of "Heavy" Metal from Contaminated Feeds 60318.6 Conclusion 613Index 621

"I strongly recommend this book to any researcher entering the interdisciplinary world of catalytic metal NP's.  There are many fine books on the subjects of nanotechnology and catalysis, but none addresses metal NP's and catalysis as directly, comprehensively, and usefully as Astruc's book." (Angewandte Chemie, September 28, 2008)