Motivation

Dr. Bettina Studer is a Senior Scientist at the Department of Mauritius Hospital Meerbusch and the Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany. Previously, she worked at the University of Cambridge and the University College London in England and the University of Basel in Switzerland. Her background is in cognitive neurosciences, neuropsychology, neuroeconomics and decision-making research. Her current research topics include the neurobiological underpinnings of motivation and perceived control, post-stroke apathy, health-related decision-making and behavioral modification, and motivational and neurophysiological enhancement during neurorehabilitation training. Prof. Dr. med. Stefan Knecht is a neurologist, with in-depth expertise in neurological intensive care and neurological rehabilitation, and medical director of the Mauritius Hospital Meerbusch in Germany. His past appointments include the vice-Chairman and Director of the Cognitive Neurobiology Section positions at the Department of Neurology at the University of Münster, Germany, and he is a member of the steering committee of the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging (DGKN). Stefan Knecht has over 20 years of research experience and more than 250 publications. His research topics include neuroplasticity and learning, the impact of physical activity on cognition and affect, and motivation and sustainability in post-primary stroke prevention.

• PrefaceBettina Studer and Stefan Knecht SECTION 1 –THEORIES OF MOTIVATION1. Commonalities and differences in psychological and economic approaches to motivation theoryTina Strombach and Sabrina Strang 2. A cost-benefit model of motivation for activityBettina Studer3. Control feedback as the motivational force beyond habitual behaviorBaruch EitamSECTION 2 –ASSESSING MOTIVATION4. Quantifying Motivation with Effort-Based Decision-Making Paradigms in Health and DiseaseTrevor T-J Chong and Masud Husain SECTION 3 – THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION5. Brain correlates of the intrinsic subjective cost of effort in sedentary volunteersJavier Bernacer6. To work or not to work: Neural representation of cost and benefit of instrumental actionNils B. Kroemer and Caroline Burrasch 7. Involvement of Opioid Signaling in Food Preference and Effort-Related Decision Making: Studies in Laboratory AnimalsRaul Pastor8. Individual Differences in Personality Associated with ACC function in Task SwitchingAkina Umemoto9. Competition, testosterone and adult neurobehavioral plasticityChristoph Eisenegger10. Fatigue with up- versus down-regulated brain arousal should not be confusedUlrich Hegerl and Christine Ulke SECTION 4 – TARGETING MOTIVATION: NOVEL APPROACHES TO ENHANCING MOTIVATION, ACTIVITY AND LEARNING IN HEALTH AND DISEASE11. Intrinsic motivation, curiosity and learning: theory and applications in educational technologiesPierre-Yves Oudeyer12. Incentives and Motivation in an applied contextTina Strombach and Sabrina Strang 13. Rewarding feedback promotes motor skill consolidation via striatal activity.Mario Widmer14. How motivation and reward learning modulate selective attentionAlexia Bourgeois15. Motivation and Attention following Hemispheric StrokeParesh Malhotra16. Increasing self-directed training in neurorehabilitation patients through competitionBettina Studer17. The Role of Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of ApathyTrevor T-J Chong and Masud Husain 18. Changing health behavior: From "I must" to "I want"Stefan KnechtSECTION 5: CONCLUSIONS19. Motivation: What have we learned and what is still missing?Bettina Studer and Stefan Knecht