Methods of Meta-Analysis

Frank L. Schmidt is the Gary F. Fethke Leadership Professor Emeritus in the Department of Management and Organization in the Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa. He received his Ph.D. in industrial/organizational psychology from Purdue University and has been on the faculties of Michigan State and George Washington Universities. He has authored or coauthored seven books and nearly 200 articles and book chapters on measurement, statistics, research methods, individual differences, and personnel selection. He headed a research program in the U.S. Office of Personnel Management in Washington, D.C., for 11 years, during which time he published numerous research studies in personnel psychology, primarily with John Hunter. Their research on the generalizability of employment selection method validities led to the development of the meta-analysis methods presented in this book. Professor Schmidt has received the Distinguished Scientific Award for Contributions to Applied Psychology from the American Psychological Association (APA) (jointly with John Hunter) and the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award from the Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology (SIOP) (also jointly with John Hunter). He has also received the Ingram Olkin Award and the Frederick Mosteller Award, both for contributions to meta-analysis methodology; the Scientific Award for Applications of Psychology from the Association for Psychological Science (APS); the Gold Medal Lifetime Achievement award from the APA Foundation; the Distinguished Career Award for Contributions to Human Resources, and the Distinguished Career Achievement Award for Contributions to Research Methods, both from the Academy of Management. He is a Fellow of the APA, the Association for Psychological Science, and SIOP, and is past president of Division 5 (Measurement, Statistics, & Evaluation) of the APA.John E. (Jack) Hunter (1939--2002) was a professor in the Department of Psychology at Michigan State University. He received his Ph.D. in quantitative psychology from the University of Illinois. Jack coauthored four books and authored or coauthored over 200 articles and book chapters on a wide variety of methodological topics, including confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, measurement theory and methods, statistics, and research methods. He also published numerous research articles on such substantive topics as intelligence, attitude change, the relationship between attitudes and behavior, validity generalization, differential validity/selection fairness, and selection utility. Much of his research on attitudes was in the field of communications, and the American Communications Association named a research award in his honor. Professor Hunter received the Distinguished Scientific Award for Contributions to Applied Psychology from the American Psychological Association (APA) (jointly with Frank Schmidt) and the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award from the Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology (SIOP) (also jointly with Frank Schmidt). He was a Fellow of APA, APS, and SIOP, and was a past president of the Midwestern Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology. For the story of Jack’s life, see Schmidt (2003).

• PART I: INTRODUCTION TO META-ANALYSIS1. Integrating Research Finding Across Studies2. Study Artifacts and Their Impact on Study OutcomesPART II: META-ANALYSIS OF CORRELATIONS3. Meta-Analysis of Correlations Corrected Individually for Artifacts4. Meta-Analysis of Correlations Using Artifact Distributions5. Technical Questions In Meta-Analysis of CorrelationsPART III: META-ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS AND OTHER DICHOTOMOUS COMPARISONS6. Treatment Effects: Experimental Artifacts and Their Impact7. Meta-Analysis Methods for d Values8. Technical Questions in Meta-Analysis of d ValuesPART IV: GENERAL ISSUES IN META-ANALYSIS9. General Technical Issues in Meta-Analysis10. Cumulation of Findings Within Studies11. Different Meta-Analysis Methods and Related Software12. Locating, Evaluating, Selecting, and Coding Studies and Presentation of Meta-Analysis Results13. Availability Bias, Source Bias, and Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis14. Summary of Psychometric Meta-Analysis

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