Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse

Dr. Donald G. Barceloux is presently a Staff Physician in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Pomona Valley Community Hospital. He is also a teacher at UCLA, an active consultant on medical toxicology, and a fellow at the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, and the American College of Emergency Medicine. In addition, he has written an array of papers and co-authored a medical toxicology reference book.

• Foreword xiPreface xiiiContributors xvReview Panel xviiAcknowledgments xixPart 1 Synthetic and Semisynthetic Chemicals 1I Amphetamines and Phenethylamine Derivatives 31 Amphetamine and Methamphetamine 32 Methylphenidate 573 Prolintane 694 Propylhexedrine 72II Club Drugs 775 Flunitrazepam 776 Gamma Hydroxybutyrate and Related Drugs 897 Ketamine 1108 Methcathinone, Mephedrone, and Methylone 1209 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy, MDMA) 126Nicholas A. Buckley, MD10 Psychoactive Phenethylamine, Piperazine, and Pyrrolidinophenone Derivatives 156Brandon Wills, DO, MS, Timothy Erickson, MD11 Tryptamine Designer Drugs 193III Eating Disorders and Appetite Suppressants 20012 Diuretics, Ipecac, and Laxatives 200Cyrus Rangan, MD13 Noradrenergic Agents 233Cyrus Rangan, MD14 Serotoninergic and Mixed Agents 255IV Ergogenic Agents and Supplements 27515 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids 27516 Clenbuterol and Salbutamol (Albuterol) 295James Rhee, MD, Timothy Erickson, MD17 Erythropoietin Stimulation and Other Blood Doping Methods 306James Rhee, MD, Timothy Erickson, MD18 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin 32619 Human Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 33420 Nutritional Supplements 351V Ethanol 36521 Ethanol 365VI Lysergic Acid Diethylamide 45222 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 452VII Older Sedative Hypnotic Drugs 46723 Barbiturates (Amobarbital, Butalbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital) 46724 Ethchlorvynol 48625 Glutethimide 49126 Meprobamate 49727 Methaqualone and Related Compounds 504VIII Opioids 51428 Buprenorphine 51429 Dextromethorphan 52730 Fentanyl Analogues 53931 Heroin and the Opium Poppy Plant (Papaver somniferum L.) 54632 Methadone 57933 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 603IX Phencyclidine 60834 Phencyclidine and Phencyclidine Analogues 608X Volatile Substances of Abuse 63335 Volatile Substance Abuse 633A Anesthetics 64236 Chloroform 64237 Ethers 64738 Halogenated Ethers (Enflurane, Isoflurane, Methoxyflurane, Sevoflurane) 65339 Halothane 66440 Nitrous Oxide 670B Fluorinated Alkanes 67641 Fluorinated Alkanes 676C Industrial Hydrocarbons 68442 Butane, Isobutane, and Propane 68443 Ethyl Chloride 69144 Gasoline 69545 n-Hexane 70246 Methanol 70947 Naphthalene and para-Dichlorobenzene (Mothballs) 71648 Toluene 72549 Trichloroethane 73750 Trichloroethylene 743D Nitrogen Compounds 75151 Amyl and Butyl Nitrites 751Part 2 Psychoactive Plants 75952 Absinthe 76153 Ayahuasca, Harmala Alkaloids, and Dimethyltryptamines 76854 Betel Quid and Areca Nut 78155 Caffeine 78856 Cocaine 80557 Ibogaine (Tabernanthe iboga Baill.) 86758 Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forsskal ex Endl.) and Cathinone 87359 Kratom [Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.] 88060 Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) and Synthetic Cannabinoids 88661 Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) 93262 Morning Glory Family (Convolvulaceae) 93863 Peyote [Lophophora williamsii (Lem. Ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.] and Mescaline 94464 Psilocybin and Hallucinogenic Mushrooms 95065 Salvia divinorum Epling & Jativa and Salvinorin A 96166 Tobacco, Nicotine, and Pituri 968Index 993

“This is an excellent book, and I thoroughly recommend it to those listed in my opening remarks.”  (Chromatographia, 1 December 2015)“All in all, this is an admirable and helpful book that has assembled a great deal of useful information in a usable and systematically presented form.”  (British Toxicology Society, 1 July 2013)"Dr. Barceloux has once again produced an encyclopedic reference book in medical toxicology. This text should be place alongside Dr. Barceloux’s previous volume on natural toxins and found in every poison control center, reference library, and the personal library of every medical toxicologist. Drug enforcement agencies, forensic toxicologists, and pharmacologists would benefit from the use of this work also. I highly recommended it as the premier work on the topic." (Edward J. Otten, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, April 2013) “This is an excellent reference work that will be of great interest to all who specialize in abused substances, whether they be analytical chemists, poison information specialists or treatment providers.  It deserves to be one of the very first sources consulted when assessing a human exposure to a recreational drug or chemical.”  (International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, 1 February 2013)“Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuseis a comprehensive, well researched, solidly founded treatise on all aspects of synthesized drugs of abuse and psychoactive plants.”  (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1 March 2013)“It is the nature of text-books that they cannot catch all of the last-minute findings. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse includes so much that one must congratulate the accomplishment.”  (Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 4 December  2012)“Aa a member of ACMT, I am constantly amazed at the talent in our organisation.  Dr. Barceloux demonstrates his depth of knowledge and excellent writing skills in these recently published textbooks.  Both books are an excellent resources for medical toxicologists.”  (American College of Medical Toxicology, 1 December  2012)“Despite this potential omission, Dr. Barceloux must be commended for this tremendous effort. It is rare to have an authoritative encyclopedia of information be predominately written by one person, clearly a labor of love. Without question, this book is a “must have” reference for anyone involved with drugs of abuse.”  (Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1 November 2012)