Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Douglass K. Macintire was previously Director of Intensive Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Surgery and Medicine, Auburn University and a Diplomate of ACVIM and ACVECC. Kenneth J. Drobatz is Director, Trauma Emergency Service, and Professor and Chief of Critical Care, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, and a Diplomate of ACVIM and ACVECC.Steven C. Haskins is Director, Small Animal Intensive Care Unit, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis and is a Diplomate of ACVA and ACVECC.William D. Saxon is Telemedicine Consultant, IDEXX and a Diplomate of ACVIM and ACVECC.

• Contributors xPreface to the First Edition xiPreface to the Second Edition xiiAcknowledgments xiiiPart I Life Support and Initial Stabilization, Monitoring, and Intensive Care of the Critically Ill patient 11 Approach to the Emergency Patient 3Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. MacintireInitial Preparation and Management 3The Primary Survey: Initial Examination to Identify Life-Threatening Problems 4Brief History 12Thorough Secondary Survey 122 Emergency Room Readiness 17Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. MacintireBeing Prepared 17Equipment Recommendations 17Recommended Supplies 18Recommended Drugs 193 Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR) 21Steve C. HaskinsCauses 21Clinical Signs 21The Nature of Cell Injury During Cardiac Arrest 21Prognosis/General Recommendations 22Treatment 22Electrical Activity of the Heart 27Postresuscitative Care 284 Shock 30Steve C. HaskinsDefinition 30Categories of Shock 30Systemic Inflammatory Response 30Multiple Organ Dysfunction 31Monitoring and Identifying Treatment Opportunities 31Treatment of Shock with Special Emphasis on Septic Shock and MODS 31Treatment of Anaphylactic Shock 405 Anesthesia and Analgesia 41Steve C. HaskinsOverview of Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients 41Guidelines for Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients 42Specific Drugs Used for Anesthesia in Critical Patients 44Anesthesia Concerns and Protocols for Common Conditions 54Overview of Analgesia 57Analgesia Drugs and Techniques 586 Fluid Therapy 63Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. MacintireBody Fluid Compartments 63Crystalloid Solutions 65Colloid Solutions 69Specific Conditions Requiring Fluid Therapy 757 Monitoring 85Steve C. HaskinsCardiovascular Monitoring 85Respiratory Monitoring 102Urologic Monitoring 106Neurologic Monitoring 1098 Nutritional Support of Critical Patients 116Steve C. HaskinsAcute Malnutrition 116Methods and Procedures of Providing Enteral Nutrition 117Methods and Procedures of Providing Parenteral Nutrition 132Nutrition as an Aid to Medical Therapy (Pharmaconutrition) 134Part II Specific Protocols and Procedures for Emergency Conditions 1379 Respiratory Emergencies 139Kenneth J. Drobatz and Douglass K. MacintireGeneral Approach/Methods of Oxygen Delivery 139Upper Airway Obstruction (Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea) 142Pleural Space Disease 154Lower Airway Disease 171Parenchymal Disease 179Cyanosis 185Mechanical Ventilation 18510 Cardiac Emergencies 192Douglass K. MacintireClinical Signs 192Diagnosis 193Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 193Management of Specific Conditions 19911 Gastrointestinal Emergencies 226Douglass K. MacintireClinical Signs, Diagnosis 226Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 226Management of Specific Conditions 23112 Urologic Emergencies 269Kenneth J. Drobatz and William D. SaxonClinical Signs, Diagnosis 269Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 270Management of Specific Conditions 27913 Neurologic Emergencies 297Michelle B. Carnes Douglass K. Macintire and William D. SaxonClinical Signs, Diagnosis 297Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 297Management of Specific Conditions 29814 Hematologic Emergencies 333Douglass K. MacintireClinical Signs, Diagnosis 333Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 335Management of Specific Conditions 34215 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies 355William D. Saxon, Kenneth J. Drobatz, and Douglass K. MacintireClinical Signs, Diagnosis 355Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 355Management of Specific Conditions 35916 Reproductive Emergencies 397Douglass K. Macintire and William D. SaxonClinical Signs, Diagnosis 397Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 398Management of Specific Conditions 39917 Pediatric Emergencies 405Douglass K. Macintire and William D. SaxonResuscitation of Neonates (Birth to 2 weeks) 405Diseases of Infant Animals (2–6 weeks) 410Diseases of Juvenile Animals (6–12 weeks) 41318 Ocular Emergencies 418William D. Saxon and Deborah MandellClinical Signs, Diagnosis 418Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 419Management of Specific Conditions 42119 Dermatologic Emergencies 441Robert Kennis and Douglass K. MacintireClinical Signs and Diagnosis 441Diagnostic Procedures 442Management of Specific Conditions 44320 Toxicological Emergencies 453Kenneth J. DrobatzDiagnosis, Clinical Signs 453Initial Approach to the Poisoned Patient 454Management of Specific Toxicities 45721 Miscellaneous Emergencies 479William D. Saxon, Kenneth J. Drobatz, and Douglass K. MacintireHeat Illness 479Hypothermia 481Frostbite 484Near Drowning (Submersion Injury) 485Insect and Spider Bites 487Snakebites 490Electrocution 493Fever of Unknown Origin 495Appendices 499A. Calibration Tables for the Schiötz Tonometer 499B. Normal Values for the Canine and Feline Electrocardiogram 501C. CPCR Guidelines 502D. Common Equations 505E. Constant Rate Infusions 506F. Conversion Tables 511G. Normal Values for Oxygen and Hemodynamic Parameters 514H. Toxicology 517I. Transfusion Guide 522J. Drug Formulary 524K. Guidelines for Anesthesia in Animals with Critical Problems 652Index 657

“In summary, I highly recommend this textbook and hope it will find its way onto the bookshelf at every veterinary emergency hospital. Even those in general practice will find it very useful when that unexpected emergency patient shows up in the lobby (at 4:45 pm on a Friday, naturally)!”  (VSPN.org, 9 August 2013)“Regardless, the second edition remains an accessible, well-written, and user-friendly text to guide practitioners in managing common small animal emergencies in any setting.”  (Vet Med Today, 15 December 2013)“Overall, the 2nd edition of SAECCM is a very practical emergency and critical care manual. It will be filling the spot in my library where my 1st edition used to sit until someone else also decided it was an excellent book.”  (Australian Veterinary Journal, 1 March 2013)“The book would be useful in practice as a first port of call in an emergency situation, particularly for recent graduates or clinicians facing an unfamiliar case out of hours.”  (Veterinary Practice, 1 January 2013)"Douglas M. Macintire, et.al.'s MANUAL OF SMALL ANIMAL EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (9780813824734, $89.99) provides the second updated edition of a classic vet's desk reference covering common emergencies in small animals. From injuries and wound management to new chapters on revisions to treatment protocols and expanded toxicology information, this reflects the latest science and discoveries and is a 'must' emergency vet's reference, arranged in quick consultation format for fast lookup."  (Midwest Book Reviews, 1 December 2012)“This is an informative quick reference for emergency cases, with useful tools for management. A revised and updated edition was necessary to reflect new medications and treatments.”  (Doody’s, 19 October 2012) “The second updated edition of Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine provides key details on common emergencies in small animals and offers a new edition with completely new chapter on orthopedic injuries, wound management, and expanded toxicology information and treatment protocols. Chapters are packed with indexing and cross-references, offer a fine outline format for emergency reference, and includes tables, drug dosages, formulas and illustrations throughout. The result is a fine pick for any veterinary or animal medical reference library.”  (Midwest Book Reviews, 1 October 2012)