Management of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis

Dr. Babak Azizzadeh is a double board-certified facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon internationally recognized for his expertise in deep plane facelift, revision facelift, facial reanimation surgery, facial paralysis treatment, and rhinoplasty. He serves as the Clinical Chief of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Health System, President-Elect of the AAFPRS, and President of the Sir Charles Bell Society.Dr. Azizzadeh's pioneering work in aesthetic facial rejuvenation, facial nerve reconstruction, and selective neurolysis for synkinesis has shaped modern approaches to both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. He is the lead editor of Elsevier's acclaimed Master Techniques series, including two editions of Master Techniques in Facial Rejuvenation, Master Techniques in Blepharoplasty and Periorbital Rejuvenation, and the upcoming second edition of Master Techniques in Rhinoplasty.He has authored more than 80 peer-reviewed scientific publications and 10 major textbooks, and is an invited keynote lecturer at global academic meetings such as the AAFPRS Annual Meeting, IFNS, Cedars-Sinai Multispecialty Plastic Surgery Symposium, which he co-chaired for over a decade. He also chaired the 13th International Facial Nerve Symposium in Los Angeles. His innovations in deep plane facelifting, facial nerve reanimation, and rhinoplasty have been adopted by leading surgeons worldwide.Through his leadership of MACRO Trials and the Global Smile Foundation, Dr. Azizzadeh continues to integrate aesthetic innovation, clinical research, and humanitarian outreach, establishing multidisciplinary facial nerve centers internationally and advancing evidence-based outcomes in facial plastic surgery.

• 1 Facial nerve and muscle anatomy2 Etiology, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis3 Psychosocial Impact of Facial Palsy4 Facial nerve consultation5 Smile Analysis for Facial Nerve Disorders6 Synkinesis and the role of botulinum toxin in facial palsy management7 Assessment and Grading of Synkinesis and Facial Palsy8 Objective measurement of outcomes in facial paralysis9 Self management and the prevention of complications of synkinesis9 Facial Neuromuscular Retraining for Synkinesis10 Eyelid Rehabilitation in Post-Facial Paralysis with Synkinesis 10 Botulinum toxin 11 Surgical Reanimation of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis Smile DysfunctionAppendix 1

"The authors have succeeded in founding an informative text that is worthy of perusal." Doody's Review Service, 2022, Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, MD (Bridgeport Hospital)