Land-Sea Interactions

Inbunden, Engelska, 2014

Av Patrick Prouzet, André Monaco, Patrick Prouzet, Andre Monaco

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This book presents a systemic view of the diversity of pressures and impacts produced by climate change and human actions. Erosion of biodiversity by changing ocean chemistry, the intensification of global change raises the problem of the adaptation of living resources.Land uses induce ecological imbalances leading to asphyxiation true coastal ecosystems. More than a billion tons of solid waste must be assimilated by the marine environment and food webs. Radioactive discharges emitted into the atmosphere or into the aquatic environment, raise the question of their future.Sea and Ocean series offers a transversal approach of the ocean system that leads to governance, sustainable resource management and adaptation of societies.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2014-11-21
Mått164 x 241 x 23 mm
Vikt612 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor314
FörlagISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781848217027

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Geovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

André Monaco is Emeritus Director of Research for the French national research center (CNRS). His research interests concern marine sedimentology and geochemistry. He was responsible for part of the organizing committee for several French and European programs and has been guest editor for four special issues in international journals. Patrick Prouzet is Director of Research focusing on the ecosystemic approach at Ifremer in France. He specializes in the biology and dynamics of anadromous fish such as Atlantic salmon and eels. He is the author or co-author of several works on these species or on estuary fishing.

FOREWORD ixCHAPTER 1. CONTINENT–SEA INTERFACE: A HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONTINUUM 1Nathalie DÖRFLIGER, Bertrand AUNAY and Perrine FLEURY1.1. Introduction 21.2. Land–sea interface: from geology to the hydrogeological continuum 31.2.1. The continent–ocean continuum 41.2.2. The land–sea continuum: islands 161.3. Problems with the management of water resources of coastal aquifers 181.3.1. Coastal aquifers of sedimentary basins 221.3.2. Karstic coastal aquifers 261.3.3. Coastal insular volcanic aquifers 301.4. Conclusion and perspectives 301.5. Bibliography 31CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES, TRACERS OF LAND−SEA EXCHANGES 39Catherine JEANDEL, Pieter VAN BEEK and François LACAN2.1. Introduction 392.1.1. Marine geochemistry and the concept of a tracer 402.2. Groundwater discharge into the sea and estimate of “the age of coastal waters”: Ra isotopes 422.2.1. Ra isotopes, how do they work? 422.2.2. Submarine groundwater discharge 442.2.3. Age of water bodies and horizontal transport 472.3. Boundary exchange: what do isotopes of neodymium and thorium bring? 482.3.1. Isotopes of neodymium, how does this work? 482.3.2. Input of Nd isotopes 502.3.3. Isotopes of Th: how does this work? 562.3.4. Thorium: indicator for wide coastal exchanges, e.g. the Mediterranean 572.3.5. Contribution of experimental methods: initial particle/ dissolute reaction kinetics 582.4. Which processes release Fe from ocean margins: the Fe isotope approach? 592.4.1. Besides being a tracer, what is the role of iron in the ocean? 592.4.2. Isotopes of iron 602.4.3. Clues about the processes that release iron 632.5. Conclusion 652.6. Bibliography 66CHAPTER 3. EUTROPHICATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 71Alain MÉNESGUEN3.1. Manifestations of marine eutrophication 713.1.1. Macroalgal proliferations and anoxic “malaigue” 723.1.2. Phytoplanktonic proliferations and hypoxia 863.1.3. Toxic phytoplanktonic proliferations 943.1.4. Definition of marine eutrophication 1093.2. Mechanisms of marine eutrophication 1133.2.1. Hydrodynamic confinement 1133.2.2. Nutrient enrichment 1183.3. Regulatory monitoring of marine eutrophication and restoration efforts in eutrophicated zones 1333.3.1. International assessment charts 1333.3.2. Eutrophication indicators and their threshold values 1423.3.3. Modeling: a tool for the understanding and remediation of eutrophication 1503.4. Bibliography 163CHAPTER 4. POLLUTION BY MARINE DEBRIS 193François GALGANI4.1. Introduction 1934.2. Cycle of ocean litter 1954.2.1. Methods for evaluating debris at sea 1954.2.2. Nature and quantity of debris flowing into the sea 1984.2.3. Importance of plastic waste 2004.2.4. Sources 2024.2.5. Lifecycle and distribution 2054.3. Degradation of litter at sea 2104.4. Effects of marine litter on the environment 2134.4.1. Ecological effects 2134.5. Socioeconomic aspects 2224.5.1. Legislative aspects (laws, conventions and directives) 2224.5.2. Initiatives 2264.5.3. Understanding and educating 2304.6. Conclusion 2324.7. Acknowledgments 2344.8. Bibliography 2344.8.1. Websites 236CHAPTER 5. RADIOACTIVITY OF ANTHROPIC ORIGIN IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 237Sabine CHARMASSON, Pascal BAILLY DU BOIS, Hervé THÉBAULT, Dominique BOUST and Bruno FIÉVET5.1. Introduction 2375.2. Sources of radionuclides in the marine environment 2385.2.1. Atmospheric weapons testing 2385.2.2. Major accidents 2405.2.3. Liquid releases from nuclear facilities operating normally 2435.2.4. Waste 2445.3. Worldwide oceanic distribution 2455.3.1. In surface waters 2455.3.2. In the water column 2475.4. Behavior and fate in ecosystems 2495.4.1. Water compartment 2515.4.2. Behavior of radionuclides related to sediments and material in suspension 2585.4.3. Transfers of radionuclides to marine species 2675.5. Vulnerability of coastal areas 2745.5.1. Dispersal in the sea of contaminants – hydrosedimentary modeling 2755.5.2. Sensitivity of coastal areas 2765.6. Conclusion 2795.7. Bibliography 280LIST OF AUTHORS 283INDEX 285