In this book Danette Littleton and Meryl Sole explore the nature of chlldren: their worlds of imagination, creativity, spontaneity, play, care and resilience and the many musical experiences that contribute to these worlds. Drawing on an interdisciplinary array of literature and on the testaments of multiple teachers, Littleton and Sole develop a child-based framework for music teaching, with attention both to the characteristics and needs of children of varying cultural and musical identities and social attributes. Throughout the essays, vignettes illustrate the ideas being discussed in a highly accessible way. The insights from this book provide a unique perspective on teaching that is valuable to music teachers and teacher trainers alike.