Handbook on the Geopolitics of the Energy Transition

Edited by Daniel Scholten, Strategic Advisor Energy and Sustainability, the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM), the Netherlands

• Contents: 1 Introduction: the geopolitics of the energy transition 1Daniel ScholtenPART I ENERGY GEOPOLITICS AND THE ENERGY TRANSITION2 Geopolitics, geoeconomics and energy security in an age of transition towards renewables 20David Criekemans3 Energy systems – making energy services available 44Aad Correljé4 The political history of fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas in global perspective 67Per Högselius5 The facts and figures of the energy transition 84Dolf Gielen and Francisco Boshell6 US–China rivalry and its impact on the energy transformation: difficult cooperation fraught with dilemmas 107Jacopo Maria Pepe, Julian Grinschgl, and Kirsten WestphalPART II TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION7 Transition to renewable energy and the reshaping of consumer–producer power relations 125Kamila Pronińska8 The geopolitics of energy transportation and carriers: from fossil fuels to electricity and hydrogen 141Karen Smith Stegen, Julia Kusznir, and Cäcilia Riederer9 Industrial competition – who is winning the renewable energy race? 158Thomas Sattich and Stella Huang10 Barrels, booms, and busts: the future of petrostates in a decarbonizing world 183Thijs Van de Graaf11 Critical materials – new dependencies and resource curse? 197Emmanuel Hache, Gondia Sokhna Seck, Fernanda Guedes, and Charlene Barnet12 Changing energy systems and markets from the ground up – citizens, cooperatives and cities 217Colin Nolden13 Exploring the geopolitical impacts of energy justice: an interdisciplinary research agenda 232Christine Milchram and Morena Skalamera14 The politics of sustainability: energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and the circular economy 247Michaël Aklin and Patrick BayerPART III NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NEW INTERDEPENDENCIES15 Solar powers – renewables and sustainable development around the world or geostrategic competition? 264Thomas Sattich, Stephen Agyare, and Oluf Langhelle16 Wind energy – experiences with onshore and offshore projects 282Yaroslava Marusyk17 A new life for old giants: hydropower and geothermal 300Victor R. Vasquez18 The potential of biomass 334Joana Portugal-Pereira, Francielle Carvalho, Régis Rathmann, Alexandre Szklo, Pedro Rochedo, and Roberto Schaeffer19 Hydrogen as carbon-free energy carrier and commodity 351Ad van Wijk20 A new hope for nuclear? 372Elina BrutschinPART IV RECALIBRATING ENERGY, INDUSTRY, FOREIGN, AND SECURITY POLICY21 US defense strategy: forging an industrial orientation towards energy security and foreign policy 388Amy Myers Jaffe22 The EU’s external energy governance in the age of the energy transition 404Marco Giuli and Sebastian Oberthür23 China and the geopolitics of the energy transition 420Duncan Freeman24 The India story: ensuring energy access, security, justice, and sustainability for a fifth of humanity 431Shuva Raha, Nandini Harihar, and Tulika Gupta25 Energy transition dynamics in Southeast Asia 449Muhamad Izham Abd Shukor, Nurjuanis Zara Zainuddin, and Noor Miza Razali26 A renewable power in waiting? Australia’s changing energy geopolitics 468Christian Downie27 The global energy transition and Russian structural power: scenarios and strategic options 483Filippos Proedrou28 Geopolitical challenges of renewable energy adoption in MENA 498Emre Hatipoglu, Aisha Al-Sarihi, and Brian Efird29 Energy transformation and energy challenges in sub-Saharan African countries: a new paradigm for the 21st century? 513Gondia Sokhna Seck, Emmanuel Hache, Edi Assoumou, and Rebecca Martin30 Renewable energies in Latin America: resources, public policies, and geopolitics 535Gonzalo Escribano, Lara Lázaro, and Eva PardoIndex 551

‘The sheer amount of detail here makes this volume a very valuable contribution to the climate security debate.’