Criminal Justice Ethics

Cyndi Banks is Associate Vice President of Student Success at Capilano University in Canada.  She spent 16 years as a professor of criminology and criminal justice and Dean of University College at Northern Arizona University. She has more than 24 years’ experience of research and project implementation in developing countries in the fields of juvenile justice, probation, justice policy, and child rights. She has worked as a criminologist in Papua New Guinea, Bangladesh, Iraq, Kurdistan, Timor Leste, Sudan, and Myanmar. She is the author of numerous articles and books, including Criminal Justice Ethics; Youth, Crime and Justice; Developing Cultural Criminology: Theory and Practice in Papua New Guinea; Alaska Native Juveniles in Detention; Comparative, International, and Global Justice: Perspectives From Criminology and Criminal Justice; and most recently, Prisons in the United States.

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorPart I: The Interaction Between Ethics and The Criminal Justice SystemChapter 1: The Importance of Ethics in Criminal JusticeThe Meaning of EthicsThe Value of EthicsNormative EthicsEthical RelativismCultural RelativismEthical AbsolutismEthical PluralismReligion and Ethical StandardsEthics and Natural LawEthics and LawEthical DilemmasEthical Issues in Criminal JusticeChapter 2: Police Ethics: The Nature of Policing and Police CorruptionEthics and PolicingThe Nature of PolicingPolice as an InstitutionPolice CulturePolice DiscretionEthics and Codes of EthicsPolicing and StressPolice “Militarization”Police CorruptionDiscrimination as a Corrupt Practice in Policing: Racial Bias, Racial Profiling, and Selective Law EnforcementChapter 3: Police Ethics: Use of Force, Investigations, Interrogations, and LyingPolice Use of ForcePolicing, Mental Illness, and Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs)Ethical Issues in Investigation, Interrogation, and CustodyChapter 4: Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice SystemEthical BackgroundHistorical ContextIs There Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System?Imprisonment DisparitiesHate CrimesExplanations for Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice SystemChapter 5: Judges, Lawyers, and EthicsLegal Ethics: Historical ContextThe Nature of Professional EthicsThe ProsecutorJudicial EthicsChapter 6: The Purpose of Criminal PunishmentWhat Is Punishment?Theoretical Approaches to PunishmentWhy Punish? The Philosophical ApproachRestorative JusticeWhy Punish? The Sociological ApproachChapter 7: Ethics in Corrections: The Nature of CorrectionsThe Prison ExplosionMaximum SecurityMedium Security and Minimum SecurityStateville Prison: The Changing State of CorrectionsCorrections SubculturePower and Authority in Prison: Controlling the InmatesPrivate PrisonsDisenfranchising InmatesTreating Opioid Abuse in Correctional InstitutionsAging Inmates and Compassionate ReleaseChapter 8: Ethics in Corrections: Guarding EthicallyThe Experience of GuardingGuarding EthicallyGuarding With DiscretionUnethical SituationsRape and Sexual Violence in PrisonCorruptionOversight of PrisonsEthical Issues in Probation and ParoleChapter 9: The Ethics of Criminal Justice Policy MakingThe Ethics of Policy MakingMorality PolicyPenal Policies and Mass IncarcerationPublic Opinion About Punishment PoliciesMandatory Minimum SentencingThe War on DrugsTruth in SentencingSexual PredatorsCapital PunishmentThe “Criminalization” of ImmigrationChapter 10: Ethics and the “War on Terrorism”Defining TerrorismWarfare or Crime Control?Other Responses to TerrorismThe Morality of Targeted KillingChapter 11: Media Ethics and Criminal JusticeMedia Constructions of CrimeReporting the TruthAvoiding BiasAvoiding HarmServing the PublicMaintaining TrustManipulationPart II: The Application of Ethical Theories to The Criminal Justice SystemChapter 12: Duty and PrincipleHypothetical and Categorical ImperativesConflicting DutiesApplying Deontological TheoryChapter 13: Considering the ConsequencesPleasure and HappinessAct ConsequentialismRule ConsequentialismPublic Policy and UtilitarianismArguments Criticizing UtilitarianismApplying Utilitarian TheoryChapter 14: The Importance of CharacterAristotle VirtuesAristotle and HappinessThe Golden MeanPractical WisdomWhat’s Wrong With Virtue?Applying Virtue TheoryChapter 15: Egoism, Pleasure, and IndifferenceStoicismHedonismEthical EgoismApplying the Theory of Ethical EgoismChapter 16: A Sense of JusticeApplication of the PrinciplesJustice as FairnessMoral DevelopmentApplying Rawlsian TheoryChapter 17: Caring for OthersKohlberg and GilliganA Theory of Moral Development“In a Different Voice”: Carol GilliganGender and the Ethic of CareThe Ethic of Care and JusticeThe Ethic of Care and PolicingPeacemakingApplying the Ethic of CareReferencesIndex