Biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in metabolism from bacteria to human

This book is devoted to the state of the art in investigation of the problem of physiological origin and functions of the so-called biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs), which are strong natural nanoscale permanent magnets inside living organisms. There are three ideas about the functional purpose of BMNs. The first is the magnetotaxis of magnetotactic bacteria, the second is the magnetoreception of multicellular organisms. Later, the third idea emerged that BMNs have metabolic functions, because gradient magnetic forces arose in the scattering magnetic field of the BNNs, which are sufficient to concentrate the granules, vesicles and other components near BMNs. The full list of functions of BMNs in organisms is still unknown in spite of more than half a century of intensive studies of BMNs in various organisms, from magnetic bacteria to humans, in norm and in pathology such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis. In this book, the question is clarified what is common in the localization of BMNs in various organs? Investigation of localization of BMNs in form chains is described in animals, plants and fungi in the walls of the vascular tissue.