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Asceticism, so it is argued in this volume, is a modern category. The ubiquitous cult of the body, of fitness and diet equally evokes the ongoing success of ascetic practices and beliefs. Nostalgic memories of hardship and discipline in the army, youth movements or boarding schools remain as present as the fashionable irritation with the presumed modern-day laziness. In the very texture of contemporary culture, age-old asceticism proves to be remarkably alive. Old ascetic forms were remoulded to serve modern desires for personal authenticity, an authenticity that disconnected asceticism in the course of the nineteenth century from two traditions that had underpinned it since classical antiquity: the public, republican austerity of antiquity and the private, religious asceticism of Christianity. Exploring various aspects such as the history of the body, of aesthetics, science, and social thought in several European countries (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria and Belgium), the authors show that modern asceticism remains a deeply ambivalent category. Apart from self-realisation, classical and religious examples continue to haunt the ascetic mind.
Evert Peeters received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Leuven, where he is currently working as a postdoctoral research fellow. He has published on Lebensreform in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and on historiography and nationalism in early nineteenth-century Belgium.
List of FiguresAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Modern Asceticism: A Historical ExplorationEvert Peeters, Kaat Wils and Leen Van MollePART I: CULT PLACES OF AUTHENTICITYChapter 1. The Performance of Redemption: Asceticism and Liberation in Belgian LebensreformEvert PeetersChapter 2. Asceticism and Pleasure in German Health Reform: Patients as Clients in Wilhelmine SanatoriaMichael HauPART II: SOCIAL REGULATION OF PLEASUREChapter 3. Moving Images and the Popular Imagination: Visual Pleasure and Film Censorship in Comparative PerspectiveThomas J. SaundersChapter 4. ‘The Wo that Is in Marriage’: Abstinence in Practice and Principle in British Marriages, 1890s–1940sLesley A. HallChapter 5. Ascetiscism in Modern Social ThoughtHenk de SmaelePART III: AESTHETICS AND DISCTINCTIONChapter 6. Adolf Loos and the Doric OrderWessel KrulChapter 7. Disguised Asceticism: The Promotion of Austerity in Interior Design during the Interwar Period in Flanders, BelgiumSofie De CaignyPART IV: THE LONELY PASSIONS OF SCIENCEChapter 8. The Revelation of a Modern Saint: Marie Curie’s Scientific Asceticism and the Culture of Professionalised ScienceKaat WilsChapter 9. Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Tractatus and the Linguistic Turn in Modern AsceticismKlass BerkelPART V: DISCIPLINE IN THE AGE OF AFFLUENCEChapter 10. Necessity into Virtue: The Culture of Postwar Reconstruction in Western Europe between Asceticism and Anti-AsceticismMarnix BeyenChapter 11. Modern Asceticism and Contemporary Body CultureJulia TwiggNotes on ContributorsIndex