Edited by Matthias Kiese, Professor of Human Geography (Urban and Regional Economics), Institute of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, Rasmus C. Beck, CEO, Duisburg Business and Innovation and Honorary Professor of Urban Transformation, EBZ Business School, Dirk Fornahl, Professor of Regional Economics, University of Bremen, Germany and Christian Ketels, Senior Fellow, House of Governance, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden