Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images

ACHYUTA AYAN MISRA, Exploration, Reliance Industries Ltd., Reliance Corporate Park, Thane Belapur Road, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, India. SOUMYAJIT MUKHERJEE, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

• Contributors xiiiPreface xviiAcknowledgements xix1 Introduction to Seismic Data 1Achyuta Ayan Misra and Ashok Yadav1.1 Seismic Reflection Method 11.2 Seismic Data Acquisition 11.2.1 Land Acquisition 31.2.2 Marine Acquisition 31.2.3 Transition Zones 41.3 Processing Seismic Data 51.3.1 Noise 51.3.2 Gathers 71.3.3 Migration and Stacking 71.3.4 Resolution of Seismic Data 71.4 Seismic Attributes 111.4.1 Coherency 121.4.2 Dip and Azimuth 121.4.3 Curvature 13References 142 Seismic Structural Analysis 15Achyuta Ayan Misra and Soumyajit Mukherjee2.1 Introduction 152.2 Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Data Analyses 162.3 Interpreting Faults 172.4 Some Common Analyses 212.4.1 Geometry of Deformation Structures 212.4.2 Crustal Architecture Analyses 212.4.3 Progressive Deformation Analysis 212.4.4 Strain Analysis 222.5 Workflow 22References 22Part I Faults 273 Normal Faults in the Crawford-Skipper Basin, East Shetland Platform, United Kingdom 29William Reid and Stefano PatrunoReferences 324 Normal Faults Bounding Rift Grabens in Krishna‐Godavari Basin, India 35Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 395 Bitsminda Anticline: South Kura Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt, Georgia 41Victor Alania, A. Chabukiani, O. Enukidze, K. Gogrichiani, Z. Mikeladze, and G. TatishviliReferences 426 Diffraction and Refraction Occurring in a Fault Zone in Corinth Gulf, Greece as Seen by Vertical Seismic Profiling 43Joachim Place, Charles Naville, and Isabelle MorettiReferences 457 Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France 47Joachim Place, M. Diraison, Y. Géraud, and Hemin A. KoyiReferences 498 Interpretation of a Vertical Seismic Profile Diffraction Occurring at a Basement–Sedimentary Cover Interface in the Rhine Graben, France 51Joachim Place and Charles NavilleReferences 539 Clara Inversion Anticline, Adriatic Sea, Italy 55Paolo PaceAcknowledgements 59References 5910 Emma Inversion Structure, Adriatic Sea, Italy 61Paolo PaceAcknowledgements 64References 6411 Inversion in the Umiat Basin (Part 1) National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), North Slope, Alaska 65Paolo PaceAcknowledgements 67References 6812 Inversion in the Umiat Basin (Part 2) National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), North Slope, Alaska 69Paolo PaceAcknowledgements 71References 7213 Complex Multiphase Inversion Tectonics in the Southern East Shetland Platform, Offshore United Kingdom 73Stefano Patruno and William ReidReferences 7514 Impact of Activation of a Syn‐Depositional Normal Fault on Sedimentation in Greater Mid North Sea High 77Stefano Patruno and William ReidReferences 8115 Imaging Normal Faults Using Dual Sensor Streamers 83Stefano Patruno and William ReidAcknowledgements 87References 8716 Understanding Sinkholes Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismic Imaging in N Germany 89Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. PolomReferences 9117 Post‐Earthquake Subsurface Structure for Reconstruction Planning Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismic Imaging in Banda Aceh, Indonesia 93Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. Polom17.1 Location Negeri 9317.2 Location Babah Jurong 9317.3 Location Military Airport 9417.4 Location Lampasi Engking 9517.5 Location Iakapeh 96References 9918 Shallow Detachment Along a Transform Margin in Cauvery Basin, India 101Achyuta Ayan Misra and Swagato DasguptaReferences 10519 Normal Faulting Related to Differential Compaction on the 85°E Ridge in the Bay of Bengal, India 107Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 11120 Polygonal Fault System in Late Cretaceous Sediments of Cauvery Deepwater Basin, India 113Swagato Dasgupta and Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 11521 Transfer Zone Geometry in the Offshore Cauvery Basin, India 117Swagato Dasgupta and Abhimanyu MaitraReferences 12022 Synrift Grabens and Inversion in the Cauvery Offshore Basin on the East Coast of India 123Abhimanyu MaitraReferences 12523 Pull‐Apart Basin in the Offshore Cauvery–Palar Basin, India 127Swagato DasguptaReferences 12924 Sedimentary Deformation Features Produced by Differential Compaction and Buoyancy in the Offshore Palar Basin, East Coast of India 131Swagato DasguptaReferences 133Part II Folds 13525 Compression Folds and a Strike‐Slip Fault in Flowing Evaporites, Red Sea 137Neil C. Mitchell and Marco LigiReferences 13926 Didigori Syncline and Anticline: Kura Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt, Georgia 141V. Alania, A. Chabukiani, O. Enukidze, K. Gogrichiani, Z. Mikeladze, and G. TatishviliReferences 14227 Compressional Folds in the Active North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 143Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 15028 Fault Propagation Folds in the Active North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 151Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 15329 Antiformal Stacks and Hinterland Dipping Duplexes in the North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 155Achyuta Ayan Misra29.1 Antiformal Stack 15529.2 Hinterland Dipping Duplex 155References 160Part III Mobile Substrates 16130 Compressional Salt‐Related Structures in the Western Quele Area, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China 163Zhenyun Wu, Hongwei Yin, and Hemin A. KoyiReferences 16531 Reactive Salt Diapir, Southern Precaspian Basin, Middle Asia 167Zhenyun Wu, Hongwei Yin, and Junzhang ZhengReferences 17032 Detection of Potential Slide Planes in Onshore Urban Areas Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismics 171Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. PolomReferences 17333 Detection of Mobile Quick‐Clay Layers Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismics 175Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. PolomReferences 17634 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with Single Detachment in the Krishna–Godavari Basin, India 177Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 18235 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with Multiple Detachments in the Krishna–Godavari Basin, India 183Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 18636 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with a Small Translation Zone in the Mumbai Offshore Basin, India 187Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 19037 Growth Structures and Unconformities in the Upper Evaporites, Red Sea 191Neil C. Mitchell and Marco LigiReferences 193Part IV Tectonic/Regional Structures 19538 BABEL4: Crustal Structures of the Precambrian Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen in the Fennoscandian Shield 197Pekka Heikkinen and Annakaisa KorjaReferences 19939 BABEL7: Crustal‐Scale Extension Associated with the Formation of the Baltic Sea Paleorift, Fennoscandian Shield 201Annakaisa Korja and Pekka HeikkinenReferences 20340 FIRE3&3a: Crustal‐Scale Structures of the Precambrian Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen in the Fennoscandian Shield 205Annakaisa Korja, Pekka Heikkinen, Timo Tiira and Kaisa NikkiläReferences 20841 Magma‐Poor Rifting in the Indian Eastern Continental Margin 209Achyuta Ayan MisraReferences 21442 The Ratnagiri Fracture Zone: A Paleo Oceanic‐Fracture‐Zone in the Mumbai‐Ratnagiri Offshore Region, West India 215Achyuta Ayan Misra, Neeraj Sinha, and Soumyajit MukherjeeReferences 21943 Normal Faults on the Downgoing Plate in an Arc–Continent Collision at East Timor, N Timor Sea 221Achyuta Ayan Misra and Abhimanyu MaitraReferences 22844 The Gop Rift: A Paleo Slow Spreading Centre, Offshore Gujarat, India 229Achyuta Ayan Misra, Neeraj Sinha, and Soumyajit MukherjeeReferences 23345 Transform Margin in the Cauvery Basin, Indian East Coast Passive Margin 235Achyuta Ayan Misra and Swagato DasguptaReferences 23946 Proximal and Distal Margin Examples from the Eastern Continental Passive Margin of India 241M. Nemčok, C. Welker, S. Sinha, M. Choudhuri, S. Sharma, S. Venkatraman, and N. SinhaReference 25247 Distal Margin Examples from the Continental Passive Margin of Gabon 253M. Nemčok, C. Welker, S. Sinha, M. Choudhuri, S. Sharma, S. Venkatraman, and N. SinhaReference 25548 Pitfalls in Interpretation 257Achyuta Ayan Misra and Ashok YadavReferences 260Index 263