Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars

Three recent developments have greatly increased interest in the search for life on Mars. The first is new information about the Martian environment including evidence of a watery past and the possibility of atmospheric methane. The second is the possibility of microbial viability on Mars. Finally, the Vision for Space Exploration initiative included an explicit directive to search for the evidence of life on Mars. These scientific and political developments led NASA to request the NRC's assistance in formulating an up-to-date integrated astrobiology strategy for Mars exploration. Among other topics, this report presents a review of current knowledge about possible life on Mars; an astrobiological assessment of current Mars missions; a review of Mars-mission planetary protection; and findings and recommendations. The report notes that the greatest increase in understanding of Mars will come from the collection and return to Earth of a well-chosen suite of Martian surface materials.Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 The Present State of Knowledge About Mars and Possible Life3 Biosignatures and Abiotic Chemistry4 Characteristics of Sites for Astrobiological Investigation5 Methodologies for Advancing Astrobiology6 Astrobiological Assessment of Current Mars Mission Archictecture7 Planetary Protection for Mars Missions8 Findings and RecommendationsAppendix A Martian Features Mentioned in TextAppendix B GlossaryAppendix C Objectives for Developing a Further Understanding of Biosignatures