Absolute and Relative Dating Methods in Prehistory

This work challenges the claim that Hallan emi (near Batman in Southeastern Turkey) was occupied during the Epipaleolithic (11th millennium BP). While techno-typological analyses of some objects, chipped stone in particular, appear to place the site's occupation within the 11th millennium, the iconography etched into ground stone and worked bone is too similar to much later sites nearby and in the Urfa Plain to ignore. Various descriptions of the site have been given, from Epipaleolithic to Aceramic Neolithic. This terminological discrepancy reflects not only on the problem of dating Hallan emi, but also on the larger issue of how one should describe the prehistory of Southeastern Anatolia. The latter problems are claimed to be the combined product of a) the relatively few sites within the region with which to contextualize Hallan emi and construct a local chrono-cultural scheme, and b) the related issue of imposing terminologies from other regions which may not be appropriate for Southeastern Anatolia.