What Official Language for Mali in the Era of Mali Kuru

Since its independence in 1960, Mali has given pride of place to the French language. It is present in every branch of Malian administration, including schools, the justice system, health care, politics, the media and all the institutions of the Republic. For the most part, however, French is associated with the written word, modernity and administration, while the national languages are dedicated to orality, conviviality and daily life. With the promulgation of the new Constitution resulting from the referendum of June 18, 2023, French is no longer the official language of Mali, as stated in the 1992 Constitution, but only a working language. According to article 31 of the new constitution, "The national languages are the official languages of Mali" and "French is the working language". The text does not specify which national languages will henceforth be the official languages of Mali, but indicates that an organic law "determines the conditions and modalities of their use".