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This anthology provides an introduction to a variety of views about human nature, from various cultures over three millennia. It ranges from ancient religious texts down to contemporary theories based on evolutionary science. It can be used as a reader to go along with Ten Theories of Human Nature, third edition (OUP, 1998), but it is also usable independently, by students or the general reader.
PrefaceTHE HEBREW BIBLE (the Old Testament)Genesis 1-3PsalmsHINDUISMBrihad Aranyaka UpanishadKatha UpanishadCONFUCIANISMMencius, "Human Nature is Good"Hsun-tzu, "Human Nature is Evil"PLATORepublicCHRISTIANITY (the New Testament)St. Paul, Letter to the RomansSt. Paul, First Letter to the CorinthiansISLAMAyatullah Murtaza Mutahhari, "Man and Faith"RENÉ DESCARTESDiscourse on MethodTHOMAS HOBBESLeviathanDAVID HUMETreatise of Human NatureJEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAUEmileIMMANUEL KANTAnthropology from a Pragmatic Point of ViewReligion within the Boundaries of Mere ReasonKARL MARXThe Materialist Theory of HistoryConsciousness and the Division of LabourJOHN STUART MILLThe Subjection of WomenCHARLES DARWINThe Descent of ManSIGMUND FREUDB.A. Farrell, "A Reconstruction of Freud's Mature Theory"JEAN-PAUL SARTREExistentialism and HumanismB.F. SKINNERAbout BehaviorismKONRAD LORENZOn AggressionNOAM CHOMSKY"Language and the Human Mind"HENRY M. BRACKEN"Essence, Accident and Race"EDWARD D. WILSONOn Human NatureNANCY HOLMSTROM"Do Women Have a Distinct Nature?"STEVEN ROSE, RICHARD LEWONTIN, AND LEON J. KAMINNot in our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human NatureMATT RIDLEYThe Origins of Virtue
"A superbly well chosen variety of human definitions, equipping readers in the relevant dimensions of psychology, anthropology, sociology, metaphysics, and religion."--George E. LaMore, Jr., Iowa Wesleyan College