The Biosphere

This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to biosphere. It provides deep insights into this field. Biosphere refers to the collection of all the different ecosystems present on earth. It is a global ecological system which encompasses all the living beings and the process that relate them with each other and with the various natural elements like atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. This text attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of biosphere and how such concepts have practical applications. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in it. This textbook will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.